Principles of Material Development

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Principles of Material Development

• Orçun Madran

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Outline

• How We Learn?
• What We Remember?
• Instructional Methods
• Learning Objects
• Visual Design

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How we learn?
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What we remember?
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READ
20
HEAR
30
SEE
50
HEARSEE
70
SAY
DO
90
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Instructional Methods

• Presentation
• Demonstration
• Discussion
• Drill-and-Practice
• Tutorial
• Cooperative learning
• Gaming
• Simulation
• Discovery
• Problem solving

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Which instructional method?

• Presentation
• Demonstration
• Discussion
• Drill-and-Practice
• Tutorial
• Cooperative learning
• Gaming
• Simulation
• Discovery
• Problem solving

• We have to combine them
• more visual elements
• more interactivity

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What kind of material?
Easy to create Easy to offer Easy to access
Reusable
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Learning Objects

• The term learning object generally refers to a
  reusable component at the page, lesson, or,
  perhaps, course level.

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Learning Objects
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Learning Objects
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Advanteges of Learning Objects
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Visual Design

• General Principles
• Materials which are well-designed
• Makes learning easier.
• Makes learner creative.

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Good Visual Design

• Presents your instructional material in a clear
  and appealing manner.
• Makes your material easily understood.

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How can I make good design?

• Use the visual design principles to improve your
  design.
• Critically examine your work to see if the
  message design can be improved.
• Keep things simple.

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Visual Design Principles

• Harmony
• Balance and Symmetry
• Emphasis
• Alignment
• Closure

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Harmony

• Harmony refers to the way that the elements of a
  display interact together in a pleasing manner.

Lack of harmony
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Harmony
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Harmony (Killer)
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Harmony Tips (3 x 3 Matrix)
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Harmony Tips (3 x 3 Matrix)
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Harmony Tips (3 x 3 Matrix)
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Harmony Tips (3 x 3 Matrix)
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Balance and Symmetry

• Elements of differing sizes can be brought into
  balance, by moving them closer to or farther from
  the center of the page (Like a seesaw).
• Balance in visual design is preferable to
  imbalance.
• Symmetry is achieved when one half of a visual
  display is a mirror image of the other half.

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Balance and Symmetry
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Balance and Symmetry
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Emphasis

• Emphasis is used by designers to create dominance
  and focus in their work.
• Designers can emphasize color, value, shapes, or
  other design elements to achieve dominance.

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Emphasis
New user account
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Emphasis
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Alignment

• Alignment of elements within a screen is an
  important part of organizing and grouping.
• If at all possible, you should align elements in
  such a way as to visually maximize differences
  between different kinds of text, labels and
  pictures

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Alignment
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Alignment
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Alignment
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Closure

• People tend to fill in missing bits, and perceive
  visuals as complete, or closed, entities.

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Closure

• People also tend to group closer objects.

(unity provided)
(unity lost)
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Bibliography

• Çagiltay, K. Instructional Technology and
  Material Developments Course Materials. Retrieved
  August 1, 2008, from METU Open Courseware Project
  Web site http//ocw.metu.edu.tr/computer-educatio
  n/instructional-technology-and-material-developmen
  ts
• Gülbahar, Y. Instructional Technology and
  Material Developments Course Materials. Retrieved
  July 25, 2008, from http//www.baskent.edu.tr/gul
  bahar/dersler/egt301.php
• McClurg-Genevese, J.D. The Principles of Design.
  Retrieved August 3, 2008, from http//www.digital-
  web.com/articles/principles_of_design/
• Seferoglu, S. S. (2006). Ögretim Teknolojileri ve
  Materyal Tasarimi (3rd ed.). Ankara Pegem A
  Yayincilik.
• Yalin, H. I. (2006). Ögretim Teknolojileri ve
  Materyal Gelistirme (17th ed.). Ankara Nobel
  Yayin Dagitim.

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Orçun Madran

• omadran_at_baskent.edu.tr