Between Intifadas:

1
Between Intifadas

• Hope and disillusionment, 1993-2001

2
What happened after the 1st Intifada?

• Palestinians Israelis come to the negotiation
  table for the 1st time. Why?
• End of Cold War
• Gulf War
• Intifada
• 1991 Madrid negotiations
• 1993 1995 Oslo Accords

3
The famous handshake Yitzhak Rabin, Bill
Clinton, Yassir Arafat, White House Lawn Sept.
13, 2003
4
Main tenets of the Oslo Accords

• Interim settlement NOT a final agreement
• PLO recognizes Israels right to exist and
  forswears use of violence
• Israel allows creation of Palestinian National
  Authority under leadership of the PLO to govern
  some parts of the Occupied Territories in some
  administrative economic spheres. Total
  territory transferred to sole Palestinian control
  is 3-4 of the West Bank Gaza.

5
Oslo Accords Land
6
Oslo Accords Control over Land

• Palestinians get modicum of self rule for the 1st
  time in their history, but highly circumscribed.
• Israel retains right to patrol all borders
  control airspace
• Israeli military, Jewish settlers, and Israeli
  citizens retain all rights to enter all
  territories
• Palestinian area divided into more than 100
  enclaves
• Land in the Occupied Territories divided into 3
  zones
• Area A zones full PA civil and security control
• Area B zones PA civil control, Israeli military
  security control
• Area C zones Israeli civil and security control
• Ultimately gave PA control over most of the
  territories population but only over about 5
  of land

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(No Transcript)
8
Collapse of the Peace negotiations, 1995-2001

• 1995 Assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak
  Rabin by Israeli assassin
• Bombings within Israel by Palestinian Islamic
  groups, 1994 and especially after 1996
• 1996 Election of more conservative Israeli
  government (Netanyahu)
• Delays in implementation of the Oslo accords
• 2001 end of Oslo Process after election of Ariel
  Sharon

9
Underlying causes of collapse of the Peace Process

• Oslo frontloading of Israeli benefits but
  backloading of Palestinian benefits- gave
  Israel little reason to negotiate and
  Palestinians little leverage
• Political instability weakness on both sides
  that gave Oslo rejectionists undue influence
• Jewish settlements and Palestinian bombings
• Failure to take society into consideration
• Absence of Arbiters