GOAL SEVEN 7.02

1
GOAL SEVEN7.02

• The Progressive Movement in the United States
• (1890-1914)
• The learner will analyze the economic, political,
  and social reforms of the Progressive Period.
• Analyze how different groups of Americans made
  economic and political gains in the Progressive
  Period.

2
Jane Addams/Hull House(1860-1935)

• social worker, reformer, and peace activist.
  Addams helped found Hull House (1889) in Chicago,
  where immigrants and the homeless found shelter,
  education, and medical assistance. Her
  autobiography, Twenty Years at Hull House (1910),
  explained her philosophy of social reform. Her
  opposition to World War I made her an unpopular
  figure for a time, but ultimately her quest for
  world peace won her both respect and the Nobel
  Peace Prize in 1931. Addams was also a strong
  advocate of women's rights and a prominent figure
  in the Progressive movement at the turn of the
  century.

3
16th Amendment

• Gave Congress the power to levy and collect
  Income Tax.

4
17th Amendment

• The 17th Amendment, passed in 1913 and first in
  effect for the election of 1914, amends Article 1
  Section 3 of the Constitution to provide for the
  direct election of Senators by the people of a
  state rather than their appointment by a state
  legislature.

5
18th Amendment

• Amendment establishing prohibition was
  established January 16, 1919.

6
19th Amendment

• was passed by the United States Congress on June
  4, 1919, and was ratified on August 18, 1920. It
  granted women the right to vote.

7
Carry A. Nation- (1846-1911)

• temperance agitator and reformer. The widow of an
  alcoholic, Nation became a dedicated temperance
  leader. She began her violent anti-saloon
  campaign in the prohibition state of Kansas in
  the 1890s with prayer and a hatchet, smashing
  bottles, furnishings, and fixtures. She crusaded
  throughout the state, lecturing and selling
  souvenir hatchets. Arrested, imprisoned, and
  fined several times for disturbing the peace,
  Nation's actions helped bring about Prohibition
  with the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919.

8
Anthracite Coal Strike

• In the spring of 1902, the United Mine Workers
  called a strike among its membership in the
  anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania.¹
  The public largely sided with the workers, who
  demanded safer working conditions, higher pay and
  recognition of their union. The strike dragged on
  through the summer and into the fall business
  and schools were forced to close their doors
  because of a lack of coal for heating.

9
Sherman Anti-Trust Act(July 2, 1890)

• legislation passed by Congress to break up
  monopolies. The first of several antitrust acts
  designed to curb the power and growth of
  monopolies, the law forbade companies to join in
  a trust in order to control interstate trade. The
  law was also used to break up unions. Penalties
  for violation included a 5,000 fine, a year's
  imprisonment, or both. Because its wording was
  unclear and it was difficult to enforce, the
  Sherman Anti-Trust Act was supplemented by the
  Clayton Anti-Trust Act in 1914.

10
Northern Securities v U.S., 1904

• Court case in which sufficient evidence was found
  to prove Northern Securities monopolized
  railroading in the Northwest the company was
  ordered to immediately dissolve.

11
American Tobacco v U.S., 1911

• Supreme Court allowed restrictions on competition
  through the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

12
US v. EC Knight Co, 1895

• The Supreme Court ruled that since the Knight
  Company's monopoly over the production of sugar
  had no direct effect on commerce, the company
  couldn't be controlled by the government. It also
  ruled that mining and manufacturing weren't
  affected by interstate commerce laws and were
  beyond the regulatory power of Congress. It gave
  E. C. Knight a legal monopoly because it did not
  affect trade.

13
Payne Aldrich Tariff, 1909

• controversial legislation signed by President
  William Howard Taft lowering some tariffs and
  raising others. Honoring Taft's 1908 campaign
  pledges to lower tariffs, the House of
  Representatives passed a bill introduced by
  Representative Sereno E. Payne of New York that
  lowered tariff rates. Senator Nelson W. Aldrich
  of Rhode Island and other protectionists in the
  Senate added numerous amendments to the bill, and
  as finally passed, the Payne-Aldrich Tariff
  preserved a high protective tariff. Taft's
  failure to veto the bill caused controversy.

14
Mann Elkins Act- (1903)

• sponsored by President Theodore Roosevelt,
  provided for the regulation of interstate
  railroads. The act forbade rebates or other rate
  reductions to shipping companies. Railroads were
  not allowed to offer rates different from the
  published rates.

15
Robert LaFollette-(1855-1925)

• politician. In 1957 a U.S. Senate committee named
  La Follette one of the five most outstanding
  senators of all time. He spent most of his life
  in public service, serving in the U.S. House of
  Representatives (1855-91), as governor of
  Wisconsin (1901-05), and as a U.S. senator
  (1906-25). As a pacifist and isolationist, La
  Follette became a controversial figure when he
  voted against the U.S. entry into World War I and
  opposed ratification of the Treaty of Versailles
  and joining the League of Nations. He helped
  found the Progressive movement and was the
  Progressive party candidate for president in the
  Election of 1924, receiving nearly 6 million
  votes. La Follette earned the nickname "Fighting
  Bob" because of his deep commitment to his
  beliefs.

16
Election of 1912

• Wilson, Democrat beat Roosevelt, Progressive
  (Bull Moose), Taft, Republican and Debs,
  Socialist. The issues were the economy and
  growing conflict in Europe.

17
Federal Reserve Act- 1913

• the central banking system of the United States
  established under the Federal Reserve Act of
  1913, sometimes called the Glass-Owen bill. The
  most important job of the system, also known as
  the Fed, is to manage the country's supply of
  money. The president appoints a Federal Reserve
  Board of seven members to staggered terms of
  fourteen years to supervise the conduct of the
  banks in the Federal Reserve System. The act
  divided the nation into twelve districts, each
  with a Federal Reserve bank the banks are
  located in Dallas, San Francisco, Boston, New
  York City, Philadelphia, Richmond, Atlanta,
  Cleveland, Chicago, St. Louis, Minneapolis, and
  Kansas City, Missouri.