U.S. Presidents

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U.S. Presidents

• Highlights of time in Office

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list of U.S. Presidents

• KEY
• All U.S. Presidents are listed.
• Only those U.S. Presidents who may appear on the
  State Exam, or events have occurred during
  their terms are BOLDFACED FONT SIZE
  INCREASED and appear on a note / powerpoint
  slide .

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list of U.S. Presidents continued
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list of U.S. Presidents continued
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PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON
TIME in OFFICE 1789 - 1797

• 1st President of the United States
• Judiciary Act federal court system
  established
• Alexander Hamilton (Sec. of Treasury) creates
  Bank of United States assumes debts of
  colonies 1 currency for all states
• Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 Washington uses
  troops to put down rebellion
• Farewell Address Washington advises
  NEUTRALITY stay out of foreign wars

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PRESIDENT THOMAS JEFFERSON
TIME in OFFICE 1801 - 1809

• Marshall Courts John Marshall U.S. Supreme
  Court Judge
• Marbury v. Madison Jefferson successfully
  stops Marbury from being a judge Judicial
  Review
• Louisiana Purchase actually NOT authorized by
  U.S. Constitution
• Strict Constructionist to Loose
  Constructionist Jefferson goes from following
  the letter of the Constitution to
  interpreting it / applying to meet the needs of
  the Nation

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PRESIDENT JAMES MONROE
TIME in OFFICE 1817 - 1825

• Monroe Doctrine U.S. tells European nations
  hands off Latin America
  do not interfere
• Missouri Compromise of 1820 Missouri enters
  Union slavery allowed Maine enters Union
  slavery NOT allowed balance of free slave
  States kept
• Marshall Courts McCullough v. Maryland
  Gibbons v. Ogden

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PRESIDENT ANDREW JACKSON
TIME in OFFICE 1829 - 1837

• Indian Removal Acts Native Americans forced
  west of the Mississippi River.. Trail of
  Tears forced march of Cherokees from
  Georgia to Oklahoma Cherokee Nation v.
  Georgia Worcester v. Georgia
• Jacksonian DemocracySpoils System
  political party allowed to appoint friends to
  jobs
• Abolitionist Movement William Lloyd Garrison
  Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman

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PRESIDENT JAMES POLK
TIME in OFFICE 1845 - 1849

• Texas becomes a State
• Mexican War United States gains territory in
  Southwest Arizona, New Mexico
• Wilmot Proviso never passed as a law But
  wanted slavery outlawed in territory gained via
  Mexican War
• Seneca Falls Convention Womans Rights
  Convention Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady
  Stanton

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PRESIDENT ZACHARY TAYLOR
TIME in OFFICE 1849 - 1850

• California Gold Rush 49ers

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PRESIDENT MILLARD FILLMORE
TIME in OFFICE 1850 - 1853

• Compromise of 1850 Texas allows slavery
  California is a free state Manifest Destiny
  achieved U.S. extends from Atlantic to
  Pacific Fugitive Slave Act no slavery in
  Washington, D.C. escaped slaves in free
  states had to be returned to owner
• Nation kept together for another 10 years until
  Civil War 1861
• Harriet Beecher Stowe writes Uncle Toms Cabin
• Know-Nothings... Nativists wanted foreigners
  to stay out keep America American

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PRESIDENT FRANKLIN PIERCE
TIME in OFFICE 1853 - 1857

• Commodore Matthew Perry enters Tokyo Bay Japan
  forced to open itself to trade
• Bleeding Kansas bloodshed over whether slavery
  should be allowed in Kansas

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PRESIDENT JAMES BUCHANAN
TIME in OFFICE 1857 - 1861

• Dred Scott v. Sanford
• Lincoln Douglas Debates

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PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN
TIME in OFFICE 1861 - 1865

• Civil War 1861 1865
• Emancipation Proclamation slaves freed
• Gettysburg Address
• 13th Amendment slavery outlawed
• Homestead Act people given land out west if
  they would farm it
• Reconstruction allow Southern states rejoin
  Union quickly

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PRESIDENT ANDREW JOHNSON
TIME in OFFICE 1865 - 1869

• Reconstruction follow Abraham Lincoln .. Get
  nation together quickly
• Freedmans Bureau Federal Government helps
  former slaves
• 14th Amendment equality for all men
• Black Codes southern states way of keeping
  African-Americans in slavery
• KKK Ku Klux Klan develops
• Impeachment 1st President who faced removal
  from Office failed by 1 vote
• Sewards Folly Alaska bought from Russia

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PRESIDENT ULYSSES S. GRANT
TIME in OFFICE 1869 - 1877

• Transcontinental Railroad railroad from West
  Coast to East Coast
• 15th Amendment right to vote for all males
  including African-Americans
• Gilded Age beginning of Industrial Revolution
  in U.S. capitalism laissez-faire No
  government interference
• Tammany Hall Tweed Ring political corruption
  in the cities Thomas Nast wrote about it

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PRESIDENT CHESTER ARTHUR
TIME in OFFICE 1881 - 1885

• U.S. starts to build steel hulled navy will
  allow U.S. imperialism 1890 - 1910

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PRESIDENT GROVER CLEVELAND
TIME in OFFICE 1885 1889 1st term

• Labor union movement starts Knights of Labor
  response to Industrial Revolution labor abuses
• 1886 Haymarket Riot 1st attempt at 8 hour work
  day labor strike put down violently
• Grange Movement farmers/ranchers get together
  out West target is railroad Wabash,
  St.Louis Pacific v. Illinois... Chicago,
  Milwaukee St. Paul v. Minnesota
• Interstate Commerce Act protected farmers from
  Railroads (rates/high charges)

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PRESIDENT BENJAMIN HARRISON
TIME in OFFICE 1889 - 1893

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act Federal Government has
  the right to break up BIG corporations which
  threaten to take control (have a monopoly) on a
  market
• Populist Party political party which
  represented Mid-west farmers

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PRESIDENT GROVER CLEVELAND
TIME in OFFICE 1893 1897 2ND term

• Pullman Railroad strike In re debs .. U.S.
  Supreme Court case railroad goes to court to
  get an injunction.. Debs put in jail for
  striking anyway.. Strike threatened the
  average American
• AFL American Federation of Labor Samuel
  Gompers led it
• Plessy v. Ferguson separate, but equal

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PRESIDENT WILLIAM McKINLEY
TIME in OFFICE 1897 - 1901

• U.S. Imperialism
• Spanish-American War.. sinking of U.S.S. Maine
  in Havana, CubaU.S. gets Puerto Rico,
  Philippines Cuba independent but
• Yellow Journalism newspapers stretching the
  truth
• Muckraking newspapers investigating abuse in
  govt. industry
• Open Door Policy trade with China
• Free Silver campaign William Jennings Bryan
  runs against McKinley on this platform. U.S.
  dollar should be backed up by silver, not gold
• Klondike / Alaska Gold Rush

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PRESIDENT TEDDY ROOSEVELT
TIME in OFFICE 1901 - 1909

• Teddy Roosevelt the Roughriders participated
  in Spanish-American War
• Panama Canal United States gets rights to build
  it
• Roosevelt Corollary U.S. will intervene in
  Latin America to protect American business
  interests. U.S. seen as Colossus (Giant) of
  the North
• Saw himself as grandfather of nation looking
  out for Americans
• Pure Food Drug Act American food is inspected
• Political developments voter recall
  initiative, referendum direct primaries
• Conservation land set aside in Wyoming for
  Yellowstone Natl. Park

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PRESIDENT WILLIAM TAFT
TIME in OFFICE 1909 - 1913

• Dollar Diplomacy maintain U.S. influence in
  Latin America.. financially with
  .......... Rather than by military force

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PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON 1st of 2 slides
TIME in OFFICE 1913 - 1921

• World War I . 1914 1918 sinking of the
  Lusitania Selective Service Act (draft)
  dollar a day men big business leaders work for
  Govt. for 1
• Fourteen Points Wilsons peace solution to
  World War I League of Nations Wilsons
  proposal .. U.S. never agrees to it. President
  signs for it, but Senate never approves it.
  system of checks balances
• Treaty of Versailles peace terms of World War I
  leads to WW II
• Schenk v. United States in time of war
  present danger .. A persons rights can
  be suspended

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PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON 2nd of 2 slides
TIME in OFFICE 1913 - 1921

• 16th Amendment Income Tax way to raise
• 17th Amendment people elect Senators to US
  Congress
• 18th Amendment Prohibition .. Alcohol banned
  solve a problem
• 19th Amendment women get the right to vote
  called Susan B.
  Anthony Amendment
  universal suffrage .. The right to vote
• Federal Reserve System Federal Govt. controls
  how much in circulation
• Clayton Anti-trust Act Labor Unions exempt from
  Anti-trust laws

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PRESIDENT WARREN HARDING
TIME in OFFICE 1921 - 1923

• Return to Normalcy
• Beginning of Roaring 20s womens lib
  flappers
• People get around Prohibition gangsters
  Speakeasies
• Red Scare... Reaction to communism in Soviet
  Union
• National Origins Act quotas put on immigration
• Teapot Dome Scandals special oil deals to
  Hardings friends

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PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVER
TIME in OFFICE 1929 -1933

• People live beyond their means what they can
  afford Installment Plans Buy on Margin
• Overspeculation in Stock Market
• Stock Market Crash
• Beginning of Great Depression
• Bonus Army march on Washington World War I vets
  want promised to them Hoover turns Federal
  troops on them
• Hawley-Smoot Tariff high tariffs/taxes placed
  on imported goods

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PRESIDENT FDR FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT 1ST of 2
TIME in OFFICE 1933 - 1945

• New Deal Government involvement get people
  back to work WPA People build parks Delano
  Hitch Stadium AAA Agriculture Farm
  loans. Dust Bowl ... Also occurring
  Great Plains TVA Tennessee Valley Authority
  control flooding create
  electricity. Social Security for
  elderly. Unemployment Insurance
• Eleanor Roosevelt 1st Lady eyes ears for
  her husband FDR
• Bank Holiday Government inspects banks

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PRESIDENT FDR FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT 2nd of 2
TIME in OFFICE 1933 - 1945

• Federal Securities Act Government watches Stock
  Market
• NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act)
  Government regulation of business. Overturned
  by Schechter Poultry v. United States
• Court-packing FDR wants increase Supreme
  Court from 9 to 15 judges
• Wagner Act workers can strike
• World War II 1939 1945
• Lend-Lease Act United States gives weapons to
  Britain
• December 7, 1945 bombing of Pearl Harbor
• Korematsu v. United States Japanese-Americans
  interned relocated to camps. Civil
  liberties suspended
• Yalta Potsdam Conferences post World War II
  plans. Germany to be occupied divided among
  4 Allied powers

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PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN 1st of 2
TIME in OFFICE 1945 - 1953

• Becomes President when FDR dies in office April
  1945
• 22nd Amendment Presidential term limitation
  no more than 2 full terms
• Hiroshima Nagasaki 2 atomic bombs dropped
  beginning of NUCLEAR AGE
• U.S. occupies helps rebuild Japan
• United Nations World PEACE keeping
  organization works because most countries,
  including U.S. belong follow it

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PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN 2nd of 2
TIME in OFFICE 1945 - 1953

• Cold War .. U.S. vs. Soviet Union..
  Democracy vs communism / totalitarianism..
  Capitalism vs command economyArms race .
  Nukes defense increase NATO vs
  Warsaw Pact.. Berlin Airlift
• Containment . Stop spread of communism
• Truman Doctrine part of containment use
  military
• Marshall Plan give to anyone prevent
  communism Korean War . North (Communist)
  invades South
• Taft-Hartley Act 80 day cooling off period for
  strikers no CLOSED SHOPS cant force
  anyone to belong to a Union

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PRESIDENT DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
TIME in OFFICE 1953 - 1961

• Continuation of COLD WAR
• Eisenhower Doctrine U.S. will do whatever it
  takes to prevent spread of communism Suez
  Crisis
• U 2 incident U.S. caught spying on Soviet
  Union
• Space Race
• Alaska Hawaii become States
• Interstate Highway Act Highways connect all
  States .. Suburbs increase
• Warren Courts . U.S. Supreme court justice
  Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka..
  Separate but equal is NOT equal
• Beginning of Civil Rights movement Dr. Martin
  Luther King, Jr. Montgomery, Alabama bus
  boycott Rosa Parks Federal troops enforce
  school desegregation Little Rock, Arkansas

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PRESIDENT JFK JOHN F. KENNEDY
TIME in OFFICE 1961 - 1963

• Continuation of COLD WAR
• Bay of Pigs invasion get rid of Fidel Castro in
  Cuba
• Cuban Missile Crisis 10 days in which world on
  verge of nuclear annihilation
• Vietnam War U.S. advisors sent over .
  15,000 part of Domino Theory if 1 nation
  becomes communist so will others
• Alliance for Progress U.S. aid to Latin America
• Continuation of Civil Rights movement Dr.
  Martin Luther King, Jr. . March on
  Washington I have a Dream

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PRESIDENT LBJ LYNDON B. JOHNSON
TIME in OFFICE 1963 - 1969

• Vietnam War escalates gets worse by 1965
  500,000 troops in Vietnam
• Trade embargo on Cuba isolate to force Castro
  out
• Great Society continues FDRs idea of
  government helping people. Medicare
  Medicaid
• Civil Rights Act of 1965... Outlaws all forms of
  discrimination . at work, while traveling,
  eating out
• Miranda v. Arizona . Gideon v. Wainwright
  Escobedo v. Illinois
• Voting Rights Act of 1965 all can vote no
  restrictions / strings
• Urban Riots civil unrest in cities
• Civil Rights leaders assassinated Dr. Martin
  Luther King, Jr. Robert (Bobby) Kennedy

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PRESIDENT RICHARD NIXON
TIME in OFFICE 1969 - 1974

• Space Race . U.S. lands man on the Moon
• Vietnam War U.S. pulls out
• Pentagon Papers New York Times v. United
  States national security
• 26th Amendment 18 years can vote
• détente negotiations between U.S. Soviet
  Union
• SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks cut down
  Nukes
• China Ping Pong Diplomacy
• Energy Crisis Arab Oil Embargo
• Watergate illegal wire taps White House
  Presidential cover-up.. President Nixon resigns
  rather be impeached removed from office..
  Vice President also resigned
• EPA Environmental Protection Agency created

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PRESIDENT GERALD FORD
TIME in OFFICE 1974 - 1977

• Not elected to be President by the people
  only elected to political office by people of
  Michigan.. Vice-President Rockefeller never
  appeared on a Presidential ballot
• Goss v. Lopez student due process students
  must be heard before being suspended

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PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER
TIME in OFFICE 1977 - 1981

• Camp David Accords Middle East peace agreement
  between Egypt Israel
• Panama Canal Treaty Panama Canal to be turned
  over to nation of Panama
• Iran Hostage Crisis Americans taken hostage for
  444 days in Iran
• Unemployment reaches double digits
• 3 Mile Island nuclear power plant disaster

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PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN
TIME in OFFICE 1981 - 1989

• New Federalism New Conservatism less
  Federal government / involvement
• Reaganomics trickle down economics supply
  side economics tax cuts at the top (to the
  rich) will create jobs for the poor
• Deregulation of Businesses relax government
  controls/monitoring
• Cold War winding down
• Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe Iron
  Curtain Berlin Wall come down. Mikhail
  Gorbachev (Soviet leader) ..glasnost
  (freedom of press) perestroika (economic
  capitalism)
• INF Intermediate Nuclear Force reduction
• Iran Contra Affair U.S. supporting
  anti-communist Contras in Nicaragua

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PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH
TIME in OFFICE 1989 - 1993

• Persian Gulf War Operation Desert Storm
  Saddam Husseins military forced out of Kuwait
• Final Collapse of Communism in Soviet Union now
  Russia
• Take out of Panama leader Manuel Noriega
• Hurricane Andrew natural disaster hits Florida
• Environmental concerns Greenhouse Effect
  Ozone Layer Acid Rain
• S L (Savings Loan) Scandal Government
  bailout
• Inflation Unemployment increase

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PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON
TIME in OFFICE 1993 - 2001

• Balanced Budget
• Workfare replaces welfare
• Handgun law 5 day waiting period
• Family / Medical Leave . Xxx never pulled off
• NAFTA lower tariffs / taxes on imports North
  America
• Computer Revolution Internet - - -gt Global
  society
• Whitewater land deal scandal investigation
• Monica Lewinsky sex scandal leads to
  Impeachment trial, but not removal In June 2003
  former First Lady, now Senator Hillary Clinton
  reveals how infuriated she was for being
  deceived by her husband
• Hillary Clinton Nations 1st Lady becomes
  more involved in Govt. following footsteps of
  Eleanor Roosevelt resented by some

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PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH
TIME in OFFICE 2001 2004 / Present

• Won Electoral Vote, but not Popular Vote Voting
  scandal in Florida over ballots
• 9 11 terrorists strike United States
  World Trade Center Pentagon - Osama Bin
  Laden Al-Qaida - Leads to
  - war in Afghanistan - Creation of
  HOMELAND SECURITY cabinet post
  - National security v.
  civil liberties
• WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction
  - Nuclear, Chemical / Biological
  - Axis of Evil Iraq, Iran, North Korea, Cuba,
  Syria, Libya - March 2003
  invasion of Iraq -
  pre-emptive deterrence
• Middle East peace proposal for Palestinian
  state by 2005

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PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH
TIME in OFFICE 2001 2004 / Present

• DOMESTIC Policies- Tax cuts to get the economy
  going- Job growth
• PROBLEMS- gas prices- Corporate scandals-
  getting world consensus on Iraq- Terrorism has
  not gone away- Iraq war - cost - still going
  pull out of US troops ? ?