Yangtze River

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The Changing Yangtze

• Adam Nichols Iain Palôt
• GA Study tour 2007
• University of Surrey 29th March 2008

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A sense of scale
Origin Tanggula Mts. ,
Qinghai / Tibet border Mouth
East China Sea Length 6,300 km
(3,915 miles) Source elevation 5,042 m (16,542
ft) Basin area 1,800,000 km² (695,000
miles²) Avg. Discharge 34,000 m³/s
(1,200,000 ft³/s)
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The Yangtze Basin

• Less than 1/5 of the nations territory
• Feeds 1/3 of the nations population
• 1/3 of the nations GDP.
• 37 of Chinas freshwater resources
• 48 of Chinas HEP potential
• 53 of the countrys navigable waterway the
  Golden Waterway connecting East, Central, and
  West China.

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Average annual precipitation

• Mean annual precipitation ranges from 23mm in the
  Northwest to 4000mm in the South.

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Yangtze basin land use
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Tuotuo truck stop
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The Chang Jiangs furnace cities

• Chongqing
• Yichang
• Wuhan
• Nanjing
• Shanghai

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Furnace 1 Chongqing

• The largest urban industrial city in the south
  western part of China
• A major focus of Western Development Policy
  investment
• The megalopolis youve never heard of

The Changjiang River
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Chongqing Municipality
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• Chongqings population grows by one Luxembourg
  annually approx 500,000

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• The confluence of the Chang Jiang (left) and the
  Jialing (right) at Chongqing

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• Chongqings first McDonalds 2000
• 2008 there are 8
• (Beijing has c100)

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Changing Chongqing
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Chongqings 3G museum2000 and 2007
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Changing Chongqing 1Heavy industry/
engineering contributed gt65 of the citys GDP in
2006 (TheChicago of China)

• Transport Equipment 35.1
• Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous Metals 7.0
• Electric Hot Power Production Supply  6.8
• Raw Chemicals and Chemical Products 5.9
• Smelting /Pressing of Non-Ferrous Metals 5.5
• Electric Equipment and Machinery 4.9
• Nonmetal Mineral Products 4.1
• Ordinary Equipment 4.1

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State Owned Enterprises

• Massive historical dependence on SOEs, especially
  military (PLA owned / run) in Chongqing
• By 2006, 80 of its SOEs had restructured to
  adapt to new market conditions (or close)
• Restructuring running the enterprises on a
  profit / loss commercial basis and hence, more
  market orientated. It does not equate with
  privatisation. Most enterprises remain in state
  ownership and governance, even if listed on the
  stock exchange.
• So many people are dependent on SOEs that profits
  from one enterprise can be used to support
  loss-makers.

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Joint venturesegs. in Chongqing

• Ford / Mazda
• Nokia (7 factories)
• Iveco / Fiat
• JL French aluminium diecastings
• BP acetic acid plant
• Cathay Pacific Pigment Hldgs (HK) pesticides
  chemicals
• Hong Kong is the greatest source of inward
  investment

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In 2006 alonecar manufacturing grew by 76.5
motorcycle output increased by 33.7

• Chongqings automotive driver

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Productivity in Chinese Metropolitan regions
Even if Shanghai was excluded from consideration
as an exceptional case, Chongqing still would
look below what could be expected
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A Chongqing bang bang man in the bamboo army

• Rural registration
• Rudimentary education
• One of 100,000 pole-carriers
• Married. Shares 3 bedroom flat with 3 other
  couples
• Former farmer. 2 children left with relatives
• 5.30am start at veg. market
• 1.50 for 12 hours work
• Loads are often heavier than himself
• Saves enough to clothe and pay for childrens
  schooling in his village.

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11th 5 Year development plan 2006 10
priorities

• infrastructure construction (ctd.)
• innovation to make municipal and local
  enterprises more competitive
• To improve the balance of urban and rural
  development
• To develop an environmentally friendly and energy
  efficient municipality
• More opening up

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Changing Chongqing 2

• Chongqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone
  started 1991. By 2007, c13,500 enterprises
  employed c 200,000
• 8 billion of government investment in Xiyong
  Micro-electronic Park 30 km2
• 17 universities and 1000 research institutes
  (2006)

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Growing urban-rural income gaps need for
improvements in rural development and urban-rural
linkages
Average rural and urban income in Chongqing
Municipality
Source Chongqing Statistic Yearbook (2006)
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diaagonally
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As the water rises, whats gone?

• Peter Hessler,
• River Town
• Two Years on
• the Yangtse
• Pub. John Murray, 2001

• A public park there is ''not so much a park as a
  lull in the city. There are stunned bushes and
  exhausted flowers and brokenhearted patches of
  grass. But all of it is well cared for The
  problem is the air, the coal dust that blankets
  the city. . . . Few things are more pathetic than
  a tree in Fuling, its leaves gray and dull as if
  it were just taken out of the attic.'

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Fengdu in 2000
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Fengdu ghost city
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Former site of Fengdu in 2007
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New Fengdu
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In February 2005, Huang Faxiang, director of the
land resources administration of Fengdu county,
was sentenced to death for skimming off 1.8
million in land sales revenues. More than a dozen
other Fengdu officials have been convicted of
lesser charges.
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Lesser 3G rainwear
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The Three Gorges

• The satellite image of Three Gorges Dam

May, 2006
July,2000
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Chexi Folk Museumour guide remembered using this
sort of technology
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Cultural Revolution
All singing and dancing package for the tourist
and yet it remains generally an unspoken subject
in China!
Spice Girls?
Commune Buildings with quotes and instructions
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Terraces at Nan Wanresettlement village for
farmers from Zigui, near the dam
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Crops grown
Sesame
Aubergines
Oranges Corn
Peanuts
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Technology
Biogas production
Old style briquette stove
Corn niblets
Ready for the Games!
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A farmer outside his new house, fitted with the
doorway brought from his old home.
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Chinas one child policy ?
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Every child matters!!!!
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And after a weary days fieldwork, what better
way to unwind than with a communal foot massage.
These are not smut-houses but as socially
acceptable for relaxation as a drink and chat in
a pub. Our Yichang hosts from the CPAFFC are in
the background.
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The Wuhan Furnace

• A city of 4m /7m in 3 parts Wuchan, Hankow
  Hanyang
• Divided by Yangtze and its biggest tributary, the
  Han shui,
• Hottest average temperature 37.2C July

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• Wuhan flood records

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La Chine francaise!
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Dongfeng Citroen, Wuhan
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Planned launches April 07 - 09

• Beijing-Benz Chrysler Sebring 2007
• Beijing-Hyundai Chinese developed car 2009
• Beiqi Futian (Beijing) passenger vehicle 2009
• BYD (Shenzhen) mini 2008
• BYD (Shenzhen) F3 station wagon 2008
• BYD (Shenzhen) F8 coupe 2008
• Changan (Chongqing) CV 8 2.0-lt 2008
• Changan (Chongqing) CV 10 2009
• Changan-Ford (Chongqing) Ford New Fiesta 2008
  
• Changan-Mazda (Nanjing) Mazda 2 2007
• Changan-Suzuki (Chongqing) Escudo 2008
• Changcheng (Baoding) 2.0lt passenger vehicle
  2009
• Changcheng (Baoding) GWPeri 2007
• Changcheng (Baoding) Peri 4x4 2008
• Changcheng (Baoding) Florid 2008
• Changcheng (Baoding) i7 (CH031) 2008
• Changcheng (Baoding) Coolbear 2008
• Changcheng (Baoding) Cowry 2008
• Changfeng Liebao (Yongzhou) CS 7 concept

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• Jili (Ningbo) LG-2 MPV 2009
• Jili (Ningbo) CG-1 2008
• Jiili (Ningbo) FG-2 2009
• Jili (Ningbo) GH-1 2009
• Jili (Ningbo) LC-1 2008
• Jili (Ningbo) LG-3 2008
• Jili (Ningbo) CD-1 2008
• Jili (Ningbo) LK-1 2008
• Jili (Ningbo) KingKong II 2008
• Jili (Ningbo) Vision II 2008
• Jili (Ningbo) Beauty Leopard II 2008
• Jinhua Youngman (Jinan) saloon 2009
• Lifan (Chongqing) Mini 2009
• Lifan (Chongqing) 2-litre sedan 2009
• Lifan (Chongqing) MPV 2009
• Nanjing-Fiat Linea 2008
• Nanjing-Fiat Palio II 2008
• Nanqi Soyat (Wuxi) sedan 2007
• Nanqi MG (Nanjing) MG 5 2008

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Infrastructure, well bridges and boats really!
July 2007
2002
Jan 2008
Chaotianmen Bridge
which spans the Yangtze River in Chongqing, is
double-decked, and has six car lanes running
along the uppermost level.
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Bridges at Wanxian
Bridge at Zhongxian
This is what a new one over the Little Three
Gorges will look like
Work underway
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The need has been to speed up transport and cross
the river
Ro-ro downstream
Collier upstream
Waste paper being unloaded
Ship locks at the 3GD
Ro-ro unloading
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New road to
Deepwater port
Maglev goes very fast!
Phone lines in Shanghai
Newspapers are us
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Changing Wuhan
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The reasons for prosperity in villagewas having
the resources and the location to allow
development
Coal
Pylon parts
Main street
Manhandling freshly galvanised parts
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New Rural Reconstruction Project Village at
Xingguang near Wuhan
Final planned layout
Second phase underway but marked lack of ANY
western style building technology
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Flooding June / July 2007

• El Nino caused severe typhoons which penetrated
  as far as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, resulting in
  accelerated snow-melt.
• 70 of the basins annual rainfall falls in the 4
  summer months anyway. The Typhoons brought extra
  intensity to the rainfall (300mm in 24 hours in
  some parts)
• Meteorological and hydrological conditions
  similar to those for the 1998 floods.
• 250,000 homes affected

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• Rats evacuated their lakeside dwellings and moved
  onto adjacent farmland, devouring crops.
• Rats were caught in their millions and sent in
  refrigerated containers down to Guandong province
  (near Hong Kong) for the restaurant trade Rat
  soup.
• It is reported to taste very similar to chicken.
• It was not on any of our menus, so we cannot
  vouch for that.

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Flood management in the middle and lower Yangtze

• Storage retardation basins 40
• Area 11,866 km2
• Cultivated land 5,490 km2
• Population 5,686,000
• Capacity 63,700,000,000 m3
• Reservoirs (Excl. 3G) 117
• Capacity 104,000,000,000 m3
• Levees 45,000 km
• Return period pre-3G 20 yrs
• Return period post-3G 100 yrs

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Wuhan January 2008
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Landslide as a result of road building and
summer rainfall
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Accelerating erosion
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Water quality

• Water pollution has worsened over the last ten
  years
• 1998 lt20 of water quality along the Yangtze and
  tributaries was untreatable undrinkable.
• 2005 27.5 of water quality along the Yangtze
  and tributaries was untreatable undrinkable.
• 2006 30 billion tons of polluted water was
  dumped in the river 50 percent more than in
  1998.
• Fertilizer runoff
• industrial runoff
• untreated sewage
• high temperatures
• algal bloom

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Water quality

• Government principles
• Water saving before water transfer
• Pollution control before water delivery
• Environmental protection before water consumption
  

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Baiji or Yangtze River Dolphin declared extinct,
last seen in the wild 2004
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The Nanjing Furnace

• Nanjing
• Southern Capital Ancient capital of six
  dynasties
• Nanjing Chang Jiang Bridge, the first bridge to
  cross Chang Jiang to be built entirely by the
  Chinese in 1968. (but engineered by Russians
  before relations broke down in the 1960s as
  Chinese communism ploughed its own furrow)

Nanjing Changjiang Bridge
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Nanjing
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The newest Furnace city

• Shanghai
• The gateway to the Yangzte, straddling the
  Huangpu tributary just south of the Changjiang
  rivers mouth
• Chinas largest metropolis
• The mouth of the dragon, whereas Chongqing

The Bund and Huangpu River
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• On
• Shanghais
• Maglev

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The Bund
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Developing Pudong
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Re-developing Pudong
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Familiar?
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• Welcome to
• Thames Town

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Not a vicar in sight
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Greening Shanghai
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Environmental awareness improvement
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Pudong 2005 2007
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Chinas wealthiest cityShanghai Municipality
2006

• Ave. urban per capita income 22,808RMB
• (Chongqing 12,548RMB)
• Ave rural income 9,817 RMB
• (Chongqing 3,814 RMB)

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And yet there is still poverty..
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2010 The Business Olympics
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Expo 2010
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?? (Thank you) ?? (Goodbye)

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