Transoceanic Connections and Global Encounters

1
Transoceanic Connections and Global Encounters

• Readings Spodek, 388-414, 421, 438-447

2
Eurasia and Africa Very Connected

• Center of TradeAsia
• Japan
• Moluccas
• China
• India

3
More Peripheral but still involved in Trade

• Swahili Trading CitiesKilwa
• Sahara Desert CitiesTimbuktu
• MAIN GOODS
• SpicesPepper, Cloves, Gold, Frankincense, Myrrh
• Chinese Porcelain
• Silk

4
Main Source of Gold Africa

• West Africa along Niger River
• East Africa The Great Zimbabwe

5
Central Area of Early Modern Trade and Empire
Centered on Inida

• India Early Began Exporting Cotton, especially to
  Egypt, the Mediterranean, and East Africa
• 400 C.E. Malay sailors trading goods from Easter
  Island to East Africa
• Rode the monsoons without a compass
• Used square pivot sails that allowed them to sail
  into the wind, by tacking against itthe
  prototype of the triangular lateen sail

6
China and Early Trade

• Cities on Chinas southern coasts became centers
  of overseas commerce
• Exported silk, porcelain, iron hardwareneedles,
  scissors, and cooking pots
• To facilitate commerce, conquest, and
  governmentinvented printing and paper,
  gunpowder, and the compass

7
Muslim Trade

• Spread crops developed or improved in India to
  Middle East, North Africa, and Islamic Spain
  Sugar, cotton, and citrus fruits
• Arabs first to import large numbers of enslaved
  Africans to produce sugar
• By 1000 sugarcane major crop in Yemen, Arabia,
  Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, the Mahgrib,
  Spain and Mediterranean areas controlled by
  Muslimsin many places had to develop
  sophisticated irrigation
• Also spread cotton from Iran and Central Asia to
  Spain and the Mediterranean
• Used silver from mines they developed in
  Afghanistan and gold from across the Sahara

8
East Africans, Muslims, and Europes Problem

• East Africansthe Swahilis controlled the Indian
  Ocean Trade until Annihilated by the Portuguese.
• Arabs controlled overland trade to Asia
• Triple threat economic, religious, cultural
• Turned to seaborne exploration
• Complicated by winds and currents

9
EUROPES PROBLEMS

• Europe increasingly on Periphery
• Rise of Great Islamic Empires, especially the
  Ottoman Empire
• Problems gets worse With Conquest of
  Constantinople, the Great Byzantine City

10
Europes Problem and Solutions

• Columbus Solution Sail across the Atlantic
• Why was Columbus voyage possible?
• The European Printing Press
• New Maps
• Travel Accounts like Marco Polos
• Inventions

11
WHY NOT CHINA?

• Zheng He and Ming Treasure Ships, which were
  largest ships, largest in the World At Time
• Got to Africa, But then China Threatened from the
  NorthEmperor Ends Voyages

12
Timeline

• 1492Thinking he reached islands near China,
  Columbus probably hit what is now the Dominican
  Republic
• 1497 Vasco Da Gama sails around Cape of Good
  Horn (Africa)
• 1501Amerigo Vespucci
• 1513Vasco Nunez de Balboa
• 1519-1522Ferdinand Magellan

13
Timeline (Continued)

• 1493-1494 Treaty of Tordesillas - happened with
  the blessing of the Pope
• 1501Slaves brought to Americas
• 1505Portuguese destroy Kilwa
• 1522Spanish conquer the Americas and the
  Americas are incorporated into Eurasian trade
• 1542 Spanish claim the Philippines and later
  create the Manila Galleon