CULTURE,LANGUAGE,AND GLOBALIZATION

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International Conferenceon Malayalam and
Globalization25-27th Feb. 2008,
Thiruvananthapuram.

• CULTURE,LANGUAGE
• AND
• GLOBALIZATION

SEYED HOSSEIN FAZELI Department of
Linguistics, University of Mysore,
Mysore. Emailfazeli78_at_yahoo.com
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Outline

• Introduction
• 1. The history of vocabulary Culture
• 2. Nature and reality of culture
• 3. The categories of definitions of culture
• 4. Language, thought and culture
• 5. Language, Culture and Society
• 6. Language learning
• 7. Culture, learning and communication
• 8. The analysis of the social content of language
  teaching and learning
• 9.Globalization
• 10. Results
• English in Globalization
• References

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Introduction

• Importance of relationship of language and
  culture
• Culture and language are two unseperatable sides
  of human communication system
• A language of one society reflects the culture of
  that society
• Language and culture are inter-linked to each
  others in various ways
• Language is human societys most precious
  possession not only because of its communicative
  values, but also because language is the vehicle
  of culture
• Culture is the embodiment of all that a society
  believes produces
• Language becomes an integral part of culture
• Language and culture go hand in hand interacting
  with and shaping together CONTINUE

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• The acquisition of one language is done through
  or with culture
• Society and culture are more than background and
  even more than context
• Language and society are so inter-linked and
  so much apart each other that are cannot be
  thought of except in relation to the other
• Language for the individual is his tool for
  interaction with community as well as the
  communitys tool for interaction with the
  individual
• Language acquiring is just one aspect of
  acculturation
• The two languages are not translation of each
  others
• Globalization in a literal sense is international
  integration
• Globalization can be described as a process by
  which the people of the world are unified into
  single society
• The effects of globalization which work to
  linguistic homogenization and cultural
  homogenization is done through modernization,
  translation, standardization and the others.

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1. The history of word Culture

• Origin of concept culture
• It is derived form the classical or may be
  pre-classical Latin (Cultura)
• In 1750, it was used to describe the human
  society for the first time in Germany language
• In 1871,Tylore defined it as a clear scientific
  definition
• In 1926, Culture was added to Webster
  dictionary (for the same meaning)

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2. Nature and reality of culture

• It refers to some property of community
• culture is something that everybody has
• Material culture and Non-material culture
• Culture is knowledge includes know-how and
  how-that (1957, Goodenough)
• Cultural knowledge , Shared non-cultural
  knowledge , Non-shared non-cultural knowledge in
  one society
• Culture
• is general however, it is particular.
• is dynamic, however, it is static.
• is accepted through force, however, it is
  free will
• Problems of the study of culture

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3.The categories of definitions of culture

• The Descriptive type- The factorial elements of
  culture -Tylor 1871
• The Traditional type- The social heritage or
  tradition -Sapir 1921
• The Normative type-
• The rule or way -Young 1934
• The values and ideas -Sorokin 1947
• The Psychological type -
• Culture as adjustment -Small 1905
  
• The learning -Opler 1947
• The habits -Murdock 1941
• The structural type- The model, pattern or
  organization of culture
• 
  
  -Willey 1926
• The Genetical type-
• Culture is as a production - Falsom
  1928
• The ideas in culture - Ward 1903
  
• The symbols of culture - Whyite
  1943

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4.Language, though and culture

• In language acquisition, cognitive development
  and linguistic development, go hand in hand, each
  interacting with and shaping the other
• Verbal labels can shape the way we store events
  for later recall
• culture as socially acquired knowledge
• culture is one part of memory
• Culture is really an integral part of the
  interaction between language and thought
• Meanings for every thing, are in the human

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5. Language, Culture and Society

• The facility of communication and interaction for
  social living, is as a result of social being and
  living in societies as characteristic of the
  human
• Language does not develop in a vacuum
• Language records the cultural history of a
  community
• A language is part of the culture of a people and
  the chief means by which the members of a society
  communicate
• Language is component of culture and central
  network through which the other components are
  expressed
• Differences in cultural meanings across language
  are a problem in learning a new language
• Contacting with people of another society,
  identifies some characteristics of the behavior
  ,that show they are as member of a different
  society

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6. Language learning and teaching

• Learning is as acquiring or getting of knowledge
  of a subject or skill by study, experience, or
  instruction
• The concept of learning, as it is understood
  today, has been generally influenced by the
  psychological study of the learning process
• Teaching is as" showing or helping someone to
  learn how to do something, giving instruction,
  guiding in the study of something, providing with
  knowledge, causing to know or understand
• Your understanding of how the learner learns,
  will determine the philosophy of education

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7. Culture, learning and communication

• To understand some materials and subject in one
  language, we should understand the meanings of
  the culture expressed by the words of the
  language
• There can be no real learning of a language,
  without understanding something of the patterns
  and values of the culture of which it is a part
• To become truly educated in language, it is
  necessary to absorb the full cultural meaning of
  the target language
• Breaking free of the elements meaning units of
  the learners native language, let him to achieve
  right communication through a second language
• CONTINUE

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• If we suppose that
• M Meaning which exists in the mind
  of sender of message during the specific
  communication, as it is called Communication A.
• M' Meaning which consist in the mind
  of receiver of message during the specific
  communication, as it is called Communication A.
• Among the two individuals communication, one
  of the below states, will occur
  CONTINUE

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• State one M'/M1, Two individuals communicate
  each others completely.
• State two M'/M0, Two individuals do not
  communicate each each others.
• State three M'/M lt1, Two individuals
  communicative each others, but not
  completely.
• State four M'/M gt1, Two results will occur
• A-Complete communication B - Self
  communication

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8. The analysis of the social content of
language teaching and learning

• The social content of language learning can be
  regarded as a set of factors that is likely to
  exercise a powerful influence on language
  learning
• Socio-cultural factors that bear upon motivation
• Sociolinguistic and socio cultural factors in
  learning environment
• Importance to the influence of interethnic
  relations upon ethno-linguistic attitudes and on
  language learning
• the social opportunities for contact with the
  second language
• Educational frame work in which the teaching
  normally occurs

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9.Globalization

• Globalization (generally written with a Z) has
  been defined by Giddens as the intensification
  of worldwide social relations which link distant
  localities in such a way that local happenings
  are shaped by events occurring many miles away
  and vice versa (Giddens, 1990)
• Globalization in a literal sense is international
  integration
• Globalization can be described as a process by
  which the people of the world are unified into
  single society
• Scholars from various disciplines such as
  sociology, political, science and geography have
  perceived globalization differently and tried to
  define it from various angles CONTI
  NUE

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• Commodity of chains whereby production is
  coordinated on a global scale
• Diffusion of practice, values and technology that
  have an influence on peoples life world wide
• Increasing technological scale and information
  flow
• Increasing broader flow of goods, services,
  money, information and culture
• we can find some of common concepts like mutual
  interdependence, exchange, and sharing the
  community around the world in all aspects such as
  social, economic, cultural and even linguistic
  aspects CONTINUE

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• Although there seems to be a consensus that we
  are living in increasingly globalized world,
  there is by no means agreement about related
  issues Compression of space and time, shrinking
  of world
• Globalization has various aspects which affect
  the world in several different ways such as
• 1.Industrial, 2) Financial, 3) Economic, 4)
  Political, 5) Informational, 6) Cultural, 7)
  Social and 8) Ecological
• In cultural aspects, there are many international
  exchanges such as
• 1. Spreading of multiculturalism, 2)
  International travel and tourism, 3) Immigration,
  4) formation or development of a set of universal
  values, 5) Development of a global
  telecommunications infrastructure, 6) Internet,
  Communication satellites and the other related
  tools, 7) Increase in the number of standards
  applied globally CONTINUE

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• Globalization is the emergence that is common
  cross-culturally and across national boundaries
• The global communication leads to some extent
  functional homogenization of culture and language
  
• Homogenization of culture and homogenization of
  language, are particularly relevant for
  translating globalization as a reality
• The active responses of sub-national languages
  and cultures to the global force are also very
  important for their own survival and progress

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10.Results

• Language and culture go hand in hand, each
  interacting with and shaping together
• Language and culture are inter-linked to each
  others in various ways
• Language is an integral part of culture and the
  vehicle of culture
• Effects on every one of them, leads to affect the
  other as it can to be called directly or
  indirectly
• Globalization, through linguistic homogenization
  and cultural homogenization, affects on language
  and culture as modernization, translation,
  standardization and the others
  CONTINUE

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• Globalizations effects can be positive and
  negative effects
• The homogenization of culture due to
  globalization process results in the
  marginalization of indigenous cultures
• However, globalization through cultural
  homogenization, can be helpful in the progress
  and development of the cultures if .
• The members of one culture community should try
  to maintain their positive aspects of culture and
  replace negative aspects of their culture through
  positive aspects of globalization
• The members of one culture community should
  aware about outcomes of globalization
  CONTINUE

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• At the language level , globalization leads to
  growth of many countries
• The technological and advanced communicational
  facilities make the world to shrink and pave way
  for homogenization
• many who believe their mother tongue does not
  have universal role , they waste their time to
  use their mother tongue or teach it to their
  children
• many others who believe such language (English)
  is as a language that can make the world as a
  peaceful unit world through understanding same
  language
• CONTINUE

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• Some ideas as result of globalization and
  English or any language with such effect can be
  dangerous for national, local languages,
  specially endangered language which are
  understood to be moribund languages
• The industrialists, traders and their marketing
  techniques play a major role in shaping the
  languages
• It should be mentioned that, in fact the control
  over the language is not in the hands of scholar
  or academic institutions. It is shaped by the
  traders and marketing agencies

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English in Globalization

• English is as a language of communication and
  official language in many countries
• English is not own language of particular
  community or country
• Since 1945 (after second world war), English
  became a lingua France
• More than 2/3 of scientists in the world, write
  their books and articles in English
• 3/4 of letters in the world are written in
  English
• 90 percent of all communications in Internet as
  international network, is in English
• CONTINUE

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• The education English programs of English radios
  are used by more than 150 millions in the world
• More than 500 millions of children in elementary
  schools and more than 800 hundreds in secondary
  and high school (without china) are familiar with
  English as a second or foreign language
• However, there are some governments policies
  against English in countries such as France,
  German, Spain
• There are three circles regarding to English
  first circle, such as U.S and England, the second
  circle such as India, which English has much
  dominance and it is applied as a second language
  and the third circle ,such as china and Russia
  which English has special importance as a
  international language and for such countries is
  as first foreign language CONTINUE

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• In 1994 , 1/3 of the press in the world, are
  printed in countries which English has special
  importance
• In 1995, 110 from 160 of linguistics journals(70
  percent) were printed in English
• In 1995, there were 5000 radio station that 45
  percent of them were in countries that English
  has special role
• It is estimated that English film serials in U.S.
  and England are watched in more than 120
  countries
• In 1996, 80 percent of produced films were in
  English CONTINUE

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• 85 percent of incomes of worlds cinemas are for
  English production of Hollywood
• In countries such as German and France,
  although, there are governments policies against
  English, but only, 25 percent of their cinemas
  incomes are for non-English movies
• In 1990, 549 from 557 of famous music groups act
  in English
• 1156 from 1219 of famous singers, sing in English
  language
• In 1998, U.S. had the first percentage of income
  of tourism (50 milliards dollars )
• Around 80 percent of register of information in
  Internet, is in English .The users of Internet in
  1990 had been one million and in 1993,Tthey
  became 20 millions and 40 millions in 1995. It is
  estimated that in 2020, Such numbers will be one
  milliard

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ACKONWLEDGMENT

• I Acknowledge that I did main from work of
  the present work based on the work of Hossein
  Yaghobi.

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• THANK
• YOU