Louis Pouzin

1
(No Transcript)
2
Louis Pouzin father of the Cyclades project,
catenet and the pure datagram
Robert Kahn father of the Internetwork
Project and co-father of TCP/IP
3
(No Transcript)
4
J.C.R. Licklider. "Man-Computer Symbiosis."
In- IRE Transactions on Human Factors in
Electronics, volume HFE-1, pp. 4-11, March 1960.
http//memex.org/licklider.pdf
J.C.R. Licklider and Robert S. Taylor. The
Computer as a Communications Device. In-Science
and Technology no.76, Apr. 1968, pp. 21 31.
http//memex.org/licklider.pdf
5
(No Transcript)
6
The hope is that, in not too many years, human
brains and computing machines will be coupled
together very tightly, and that the resulting
partnership will think as no human brain has
ever thought and process data in a new way not
approached by the information- handling machines
we know today. JCR Licklider, Man-Computer
Symbiosis, 1960
JCR Licklider
7
It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10
or 15 years hence, a 'thinking center' that will
incorporate the functions of present-day
libraries together with anticipated advances in
information storage and retrieval.
- J.C.R. Licklider, Man-Computer
Symbiosis, 1960.
8
The picture readily enlarges itself into a
network of such centers, connected to one another
by wide-band communication lines and to
individual users by leased-wire services.
JCR Licklider,
Man-Computer Symbiosis,1960
9
procognitive system a system for the advancement
and application of knowledge
10
"We believe that communicators have to do
something non-trivial with the information they
send and receive. And to interact with the
richness of living information -- not merely in
the passive way that we have become accustomed to
using books and libraries, but as active
participants in an ongoing process, bringing
something to it through our interaction with it,
and not simply receiving from it by our
connection to it.
J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor,
The Computer
as a Communication Device,

1968
11
We want to emphasize something beyond its
one-way transfer the increasing significance of
the jointly constructive, the mutually
reinforcing aspect of communication -- the part
that transcends now we both know a fact that
only one of us knew before.' When minds interact,
new ideas emerge. We want to talk about the
creative aspect of communication.

JCR. Licklider and Robert W. Taylor

The Computer as a Communication
Device
1968

12
"The collection of people, hardware, and software
-- the multi-access computer together with its
local community of users -- will become a node in
a geographically distributed computer network.
J.C.R. Licklider
and Robert Taylor,
The Computer as a Communication Device,

1968
13
Through the network . . . , all the large
computers can communicate with one another. And
through them, all the members of the super
community can communicate -- with other people,
with programs, with data, or with a selected
combinations of those resources.
J.C.R. Licklider and
Robert Taylor,
The Computer as a Communication Device,

1968
14
These new computer systems we are describing
differ from other computer systems advertised . .
. They differ by having a greater degree of
open-endedness, by rendering more services, and
above all by providing facilities that foster a
working sense of community among their users. The
commercially available time-sharing services do
not yet offer the . . . the general
purposeness.
J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor,
The
Computer as a Communication Device, 1968
15
What will on-line interactive communities be
like? . . . They will be communities not of
common location, but of common interest. . . .
The whole will constitute a labile network of
networks -- ever-changing in both content and
configuration. . . . The impact of the marked
facilitation of the communicative process, will
be very great both on the individual and on
society. J.C.R.
Licklider and Robert Taylor,
The Computer as a Communication
Device
1968
16
First, life will be happier for the on-line
individual because the people with whom one
interacts most strongly will be selected more by
commonality of interests and goals than by
accidents of proximity.

• J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor,
• The Computer as a Communication Device, 1968

17
For the society, the impact will be good or bad,
depending mainly on the question Will to be
on line be a privilege or a right? If only a
favored segment of the population gets a chance
to enjoy the advantage of "intelligence
amplification," the network may exaggerate the
discontinuity in the spectrum of intellectual
opportunity.
J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor, The Computer
as a Communication Device, 1968

18
On the other hand, if the network idea should
prove to do for education what a few have
envisioned in hope, if not in concrete detailed
plan, and if all minds should prove to be
responsive, surely the boon to humankind would be
beyond measure.
J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor, The Computer
as a Communication Device, 1968