Understanding Insulin Dependent Diabetes

1
Understanding Insulin Dependent Diabetes

• By
• Karrie K. Fortman
• Hed.491
• Dr. Mark Kittleson

2
What is Diabetes?

• Diabetes is caused when the pancreas doesnt make
  enough insulin.
• Insulin allows sugar to pass into our cells so it
  can be burned for our energy.
• Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM or type
  I diabetes) is the usual type found in children
  and young adults.

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Symptoms of Diabetes

• Frequent passing of urine.
• Frequent drinking of liquids to make up for
  water lost in the urine.
• Frequent eating of food because the body is
  hungry for the energy it isnt getting.
• Weight loss body cant get sugar, so it burns
  fat and protein for energy
• Changes in behavior frequent getting up at night

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What causes Type I Diabetes?

• Inheritance (genetic) 1st factor
• Self-allergy (autoimmunity)2nd cause
• Environmental (virus or chemical) 3rd factor

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Low Blood sugar Causes Symptoms

• Meals snacks that are late or missed.
• Extra exercise
• An insulin dose too high
• Hunger feelings of hunger or upset stomach
• Shakiness hands or body feels shaky
• Sweatiness sweating more than usual
• Color face color pale or red
• Confusion Spacy or Dazed
• Drowsiness may feel sleepy
• Behavior changes
• Loss of Consciousness
• Seizure or convulsion occur late in the reaction.

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Insulin Injections

• Insulin is to be injected into the fat layer
  beneath the skin.
• The best places to give insulin are the abdomen,
  arms, legs, and buttocks.
• Insulin should be stored in the refrigerator and
  warmed to room temperature prior to giving the
  shot.

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Feelings Diabetes

• Confusion or Shock
• Denial
• Sadness
• Anger
• Fear
• Guilt
• Adaptation or Adjustment
• As the family adjusts, members begin to feel more
  hopeful.

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Normal NutritionTypes of nutrients for a newly
diagnosed person

• Proteins- for muscle and bone growth
• Carbohydrates- starches, simple sugars, sucrose
  or table sugar, glucose fructose, lactose or
  milk sugar, maltose, and syrups.
• Fats- energy source and growth

• Vitamins Minerals- formation of blood cells,
  good skin, good vision
• Water- Most important nutrient
• Fiber- water-soluble fiber water-insoluble fiber

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Long-Term Complications of Diabetes

• Eye Problems cataracts, retinal changes or
  retinopathy
• Kidney disease or Diabetic Nephropathy increased
  blood sugar, ankle swelling, excessive urine
  protein spillage,
• Neuropathy damage to the nerves
• Birth defects common for a woman who might be
  pregnant
• Much is still unknown about the long-term
  complications of diabetes. Research shows that
  good sugar control, normal blood pressure, and
  not smoking can help prevent these.

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Research Type I Diabetes

• 1.Can diabetes be prevented?
• 2.When will there be a cure?
• 3.When will non-invasive blood sugar monitoring
  be available?
• 1- diabetes can be prevented when a sibling or
  child of a person with type I diabetes tests
  positive, and there is screening of brothers and
  sisters or children.
• 2- It is still difficult to anticipate a cure,
  but it is possible to do a partial or
  whole-pancreas transplant at the time of a kidney
  transplant and get someone taken entirely off
  insulin.

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Research Type I Diabetes Cont.

• Cont.- great strides have been made in the past
  decade, the next step is to develop ways to
  transplant.
• 3. Non-invasive monitoring will change diabetes
  treatment in the future. People will be on safe,
  effective insulin pumps that will shut off on
  its own and be triggered by a thumb device.