http:www.evl.uic.eduaej527lecture01.html

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• http//www.evl.uic.edu/aej/527/lecture01.html

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Thaumatrope - 1825

• Round board with a cage on one side and a bird on
  the other. A piece of string is attached to each
  edge. When the disc is spun the bird appears to
  be inside the cage

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Phenakistiscope - 1832

• Disc with images drawn in sequential order around
  its surface. Above each image is a slit. The user
  holds the disc up to a mirror with the image
  facing the mirror. The user spins the disc and
  look through the slit at the image in the mirror.
  Since slit is narrow each image is only seen in a
  single position. 'optimal' number of fframes per
  second found to be 16.

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Zeotrope - 1834

• (Daedalum - Wheel of the Devil - Wheel of Life)

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Kineograph (flipbook) - 1868

• Set of sequential drawings bound together as a
  book. User looks at the pages while flipping
  through them.
• wikipedia entry http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip
  -book

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Praxinoscope - 1877

• Band of pictures is placed inside an outer
  cylinder. Each picture is reflected by a set of
  flat mirrors on the inner cylinder. The number of
  mirrors is equal to the number of pictures. The
  user looks down into the device at the mirrors.
  When the cylinder rotates, the reflected pictures
  gives the illusion of motion. Brighter, clearer
  image than Zeotrope. If you want to see a simple
  version of one of these, go to the Life Over Time
  exhibit at the Field Museum

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Zoopraxiscope - 1877

• Eadweard Muybridge

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??? - 2009/9/6
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Mutoscope 1895

• Mechanized version of the flipbook

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The Movies and Cell Animation

• First animated cartoon - 1906 - J. Stuart
  Blackton
• First use of translucent cells (celluloid) - 1910
  - John Bray
• Out of Bray's studio
• multiple layers of cells
• using greyscale drawings
• using pegs/peg holes to align the layers
  (registration)
• color in 1920
• people like Max Fleischer (Betty Boop. Superman),
  Walkter Lantz (Woody Woodpecker)

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Rotoscoping - 1915

• trace live action images to create individual
  animation trames

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Walt Disney and associates

• storyboards to review story
• pencil drawings to review motion
• multi-plane camera stand - instead of laying the
  cells directly onto the backdrop, place each
  element on a separate plane. Each plane can move
  independantly from the others and the camera. Can
  create the illusion of depth, zooming, motion
  blur
• sound - Steamboat Willie with Ub Iwerks - 1928
  (though Max Fleisher did sound in 1924 in Oh!
  Mabel)
• two-strip technicolour - Ub Iwerks - Fiddlesticks
  - 1930
• three-strip technicolour - Flowers and Trees -
  1932
• stereo sound - Fantasia - 1940

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Computer Animation

• University of Utah, Ohio State University,
  Cornell, North Carolina State pioneered the field
  in the 60s and early 70s.
• Large numbers of people would begin to see
  computer animation in the mid to late 70s at the
  movies.

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Star Wars - 1977 - vector graphics

• Rebel Pilots trench briefing done with computer
  graphics created here at EVL (then called the
  Circle Graphics Habitat) at the University of
  Illinois at Chicago Circle by Larry Cuba.

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Tron - 1982 - coloured, shaded graphics
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Star Trek II - 1983

• particle system for the Genesis Effect

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Abyss - 1989

• realistic natural object (water) moving in an
  unrealistic way - water tentacle)

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Jurassic Park - 1993

• - back to animating dinosaurs but now with CG

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Toy Story - 1995

• - first full length computer animation feature

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Twister - 1996

• - lots of particles

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Titanic - 1997

• - Computer generated people in the background

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Star Wars I

• - the Phantom Menace - 1999 - computer generated
  jar jar and yoda and others. We should see more
  of this in the later Star Wars prequels,  and
  with Gollum in the Lord of the Rings films.
  Computer generated stunt people would be used for
  action scenes in films like Spiderman.

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Final Fantasy

• The Spirits Within - 2001 - fairly realistic
  looking human characters, and by 2005 with Final
  Fantasy Advent Children even more realistic
  looking human characters, and by 2007 there was
  Beowulf with even more realistic looking
  characters

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Lord of the Rings

• Fellowship of the Ring - 2001 - lots and lots and
  lots of CG people fighting, which would be
  further enhanced in the Two Towers and the Return
  of the King.

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Timeline

• http//www.evl.uic.edu/aej/527/
• http//www.evl.uic.edu/aej/527/lecture03.html
• http//www.evl.uic.edu/aej/527/lecture03.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_CGI_in_fi
  lm_and_television

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