Program Stru cture

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Program Stru cture

• How To C.O.P.E with program structure
• Structural considerations which should be the
  basis of each edit

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C.O.P.E

• Clarity
• Order
• Pace
• Emphasis

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Clarity

• Relate the opening to the knowledge level of
  Audience.
• Show-tell-review.-Works every time
• Choose appropiate transitions

4
Clarity

• Relate the opening to the knowledge level of
  Audience.
• Show-tell-review.-Works every time
• Choose appropiate transitions

5
Clarity

• Relate the opening to the knowledge level of
  Audience.
• Show-tell-review.-Works every time
• Choose appropiate transitions
• Use Active/ Passive approach

6
Active/Passive

• Use passive video images when there is active
  audio ( narration)
• Use a music bed ( passive audio) when there are
  powerful active video images

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Order

• Use logical progressions- what should come next?
• Establish the scene by using a standard short
  order- Long shot, Mid- shot, Close-up, long shot.
• Establishing shots should be used to orient the
  audience
• Close ups will pull your audience closer

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Order

• Use Graphics to emphasize shot order
• Create a Beginning, Middle, and End

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Pace

• Pace should be varied throughout
• Pacing of segments should be based on viewer
  familiarity with the material
• Manipulate pace to create a mood or emphasis
• Repetition to provide both relief and emphasis-
  use scenes that are predictable to slow the
  pace-Memento, Requiem, Day trippers

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Emphasis

• Create emphasis by using every available element
• 1.Shot size 4.Color
• 2.Order 5.Composition
• 3.Pace 6.Audio

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Emphasis

• Match - shot size
• Series of close-ups followed by a wider shot will
  create emphasis on the wide shot- use order and
  shot size to create emphasis

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Emphasis

• Pacing creates emphasis. Series of quick cuts
  followed by a single shot on the screen for a
  longer period of time creates emphasis on the
  longer shot- Psycho.

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Emphasis

• Color can be used to emphasize- Run Lola Run-
  Matrix- Pleasantville

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Emphasis

• Humor can be used to emphasize key information

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Emphasis

• Repetition creates emphasis
• Audio is a great tool to emphasize-horror films

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Psychology of the edit

• Editing is an interpretation of the mental
  processes we use to see, observe, and perceive
  the world.
• It is our role as editors to maintain the
  illusion that what we are editing is comparable
  to real life

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An edit

• Transfers the viewers attention from one image
  to another
• Should be Transparent
• Should be Motivated- Technical or Aesthetic

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Transitions that are done without an edit
controller

• Pre-planned
• Found

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Pre-planned

• Created in Camera
• Fade to black in Camera- how?
• Defocus on Subject
• Swish pan to blur image
• Camera moves to blank surface area
• Action is blocked to move toward camera and block
  lens
• Pop ons

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Found

• Transitions that offer techniques for tying
  scenes together that are not necessarily
  scripted.
• Match Object
• Match Theme
• Match Action
• Match Composition
• Match Camera Movement

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Structuring the Unstructured

• Review the behavioral objectives,target audience,
  and distribution mode
• Review footage
• Log your footage- transcript
• Shot order- index cards
• Design edit script- graphics,music,special
  effects
• Rough cuts

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(No Transcript)
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Editorializing

• Communicating a particular point of view or
  opinion within the body of a program

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Two techniques used to convey editorial comment

• Program Structure- parallel action, flash backs,
  cut ins and cutaways.
• Shot selection-The meaning of a single shot can
  be changed by the shots that come before and
  after it.