ROME

1
ROME

• The Republic
• The Empire

2
The Origins of Rome The Myth

• Romulus and Remus

3
The Truth (as we know it)

• Earliest prehistoric settlements (1000
  B.C.)
• Latin's shepherds
• Greek colonies in Italy
• Etruscans settlements
• Founded on the seven hills of Rome

4
Geography was important to Roman Success

• Rome was midway between the Alps and Sicily
• Rome was on a river near the Sea but not too near
• Rome was midway between Spain and the Middle East

5
Religions

• Polythestic
• Many early gods had no names but
  charged with taking care of daily things
• Took signs from nature

6
Social Organization

• Family
• Gravitas (seri-ousness)
• Role of fathers was important
• Role of women was less important

• Classes
• Patricians - upper class
• Plebeians- lower class

7
Rome achieved a balanced government.

• Monarchy-consuls
• Aristocracy-Senate

• Democracy-Election of Senators
• Dictatorship-crisis times

8
The plebeians made progress toward equality.

• Tribunes of the Plebs
• 10 elected officials to represent the plebeians
  in the Senate
• Were granted veto power
• Twelve tables-codified the laws
• Citizens Assemblies
• More democratic form of government
• All adult, Roman males could attend and vote

9
Punic Wars

• Between Carthage and Rome
• Three separate wars
• 1st war -Rome built a navy
• 2nd war-Hannibal crossed the Alps with elephants
• 3rd war- Rome destroys Carthage

10
Rome was hurt by the Punic Wars

• Many, many deaths
• Farms destroyed which led to proletariat
• Rich corrupted by power
• Slavery widespread
• Political arguments settled by bloodshed

11
Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed the
First Triumverate but it did not last.

• Crassus died
• Pompey Caesars rival
• Senate ordered Caesar to return to Rome
• Caesar crossed the Rubicon River with loyal
  troops and became dictator of Rome

12
44 B.C. Caesar appointed dictator and tried to
reform the government.

• Granted citizenship to the provinces outside of
  Italy
• Senate enlarged to 900 men
• Landowners had to use free laborers for 1/3 of
  their work force
• Public works program
• Used colonies in Spain, France, etc. to provide
  land for landless poor
• Designed a new,accurate calendar

13
Caesars Death

• Conspiracy
• Brutus and Cassius pardoned for supporting Pompey
• They killed Caesar for his ambition and disregard
  for the Roman Constitution
• Thought they had saved the Roman Republic but it
  was dead

14
Now Rome is an empire not a republic.

• The Senate and the Assembly continued to meet
• Octavian (emperor) continued to address the
  Senate
• Senate played along
• Octavian ruled as a
  dictator for 41 years

15
Succession never solved in Rome

• It was never determined how the next emperor
  would be decided in Rome when the current emperor
  died.
• After the death of the emperor, Rome generally
  went into a time of violence as different
  factions made their choices clear.

16
Toward the end of the republic a new religion was
born.

• Jesus taught through
• Parables (stories with a lesson embedded in them)
• Disciples ( his chosen 12 men who spread his word
  after his death)

17
Many of the Christian teachings collided with the
Roman ideas.

• Religious ceremonies - Christians did not attend
  pagan ceremonies.
• Fighting - Christians would not fight.
• Worshipping the emperor - Christians only
  worshipped God and Jesus.

18
Consequently the Romans persecuted the Christians.
19
Time of Crisis Crisis of the Third Century

• Economic Problems - three sources of prosperity
  ended (trade, plunder, farms)
• Military Problems - Goths over ran legions,
  soldiers fought for money not patriotism
• Political Decay - officials were no longer loyal
  to Rome

20
Barbarians Invasions

• Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Franks, Angles, Saxons,
  Burgundians, Lombards, Vandals
• Visogoths outside of Rome
• (Alaric)

21
Many historians have theories explaining why Rome
fell...

• Political
• Social
• Economic
• Military

22
Immediate cause of the fall of Rome was...

• Pressure from Huns and invasions from the German
  tribes
• The Hun threatened not only the Roman Empire, but
  all Germanic tribes as well
• Attila sacked 70 cities in Rome
• Attila met with Leo I (the pope) and stopped
  short of destroying Rome completely

23
Fall of Rome

• Conquest by barbarians
• led to the sack of Rome.