Life is what happens when you are making plans

1
Life is what happens when you are making plans

• John Lennon

2
Our world is not as predictable as
clockworkWhat must management do?

• Reality is not fixed it forever outruns
  experience
• the universe is in a constant state of flux
• it is an ever changing world
• Effects of environmental changes are
  unpredictable (not simple linear cause effect)
• things happen in related non-linear patterns
• Our world, our reality, is dynamically complex
• Consequences of our actions are far reaching

3
The Planning Function

• What is Planning?
• its not a thing
• its not an outcome
• it is a process
• It is a process of ___________?
• of thinking about the future
• of thinking about the future and setting
  objectives
• of thinking about the future and setting
  objectives and determining what should be done to
  realize what has been conceptualized

4
Planning Does Not Ensure Certainty!

• There is a Probableness to the Future
• it is not real
• it is not determined
• it is not certain
• So what role does Planning play?
• It enables the evaluation of the Probable
  Futures
• It enables identification of the many causative
  factors/conditions
• It enables preparedness
• It enables influence on the future
• Good Planning Evokes Thinking Beyond Experience!

5
(No Transcript)
6
Describe, and support your description of, how
the Planning Function would be carried out by

• A Taylorian type manager
• A Behaviorist type manager
• A Deming oriented manager

7
Continuum of Approach to Planning
Organic
Mechanistic

• Plans are Fixed
• Planning is Deterministic
• Planning is Highly Centralized
• Planning is a mechanism of control

• Plans are Flexible
• Plans are not Destiny, they are Guides
• Planning is Multi-Level
• Planning is a mechanism for learning

8
Intels Chaos Theory of Planning Let Chaos
Reign, then Reign in Chaos

• What do you think of Andy Groves philosophy of
  planning? Whats the good news/bad news about
  it?
• How does Andy Grove suggest you balance planned
  action with creative spontaneity?
• be flexible
• be open
• bring order to chaos via planning
• recognize that plans are just guides

9
Dimensions of Plans

• Horizon
• Short
• Intermediate
• Long
• Breadth (Linkage of Means-Ends)
• Strategic
• Functional
• Operational

10
Current State Desired
Future
WHAT MUST BE? What must be changed? What must be
learned? What must be acquired? What must be
utilized?
11
A Planning Process

• Assess the Situation
• Establish Mission Objectives
• Analyze the Gap
• Generate Alternative Courses of Action
• Choose Among the Alternatives
• Implement the Plan
• Monitor and Evaluate Progress

12
Learn to Plan orPlan to Learn
PLAN
DO
ACT
STUDY
13
Objectives link Mission to Activity(tactics)
Activity 1
Obj 1
Activity 2
Activity 3
Mission
Obj 2
Activity 4
Activity 5
Obj 3
Activity 6
14
Objectives should be SMARTER

• Specific
• Measureable
• Acceptable
• Realistic
• Time bound
• Extending
• Rewarding

15
Deborah Hopkins says

• Deborah Hopkins (former CFO of Boeing) says,
• If you can measure it, you can improve it
• Do you agree?
• Does this mean that if you cant measure it, you
  cant improve it?

16
Common Pitfalls in Planning

• Biased Thinking
• seek use only information that fits your view
• ignore information that runs counter to your
  ideas
• Mis-use of Information
• poor sampling, generalize from anecdotal data
• Gloss Over Details/Complexity
• reasoning by oversimplification
• either/or thinking
• Illusion of Control
• Never Question Underlying Assumptions

17
How do you guard against the pitfalls?

• Biased Thinking
• Mis-use of Information
• Gloss Over Details/Complexity
• Illusion of Control
• Never Question Underlying Assumptions

18
Foundations of Good Planning

• A Vision
• A Mission Supportive of the Vision
• Accepting ( even embracing) Uncertainty
• Seeking and Utilizing Multiple Perspectives
• Developing Hierarchy of Objectives
• nesting and interlocking of objectives

19
Vision Mission are differentBoth are needed!
Vision Mission

• Vision is not about the future, but the present
• Vision is inextricably linked to Values
• Vision is a product of insight
• Vision addresses the issue of meaning it is the
  why of existence
• Vision rarely, if ever, changes

• Mission is about an imagined future
• Mission has to do with competencies capability
• Mission is a product of foresight
• Mission speaks to what is provided and who is
  served
• Mission changes as the environment changes

20
Examples where vision and mission are
differentiated integrated

• Synovus Financial
• TDIndustries
• Born
• Applied Materials

21
Proper Planning Enables Improved...

• Focus
• Flexibility
• Performance
• Coordination
• Regulation of Processes
• Purposeful Use of Time
• Optimal Resource Utilization

22
Organizational Responses to Uncertainty

• Defenders
• Keeping their world as is
• Narrow focus, risk averse
• OK, as long as what they know is relevant
• Reactors
• Change only when there is no choice
• No foresight
• Risk maximizers
• Analyzers
• Risk minimizers
• Minimize opportunity
• Never first in, no guts
• Seek to copy, followers
• Prospectors
• Seek the next new thing, innovators
• Opportunity maximizers

23
Given the following ethical hot spots what
would your plan be for either minimizing or
eliminating the effects of these?
Personal Financial Worries
Burdened w/ work hrs load
Balancing Work Family
Lack of Mgt Support
Co. Politics
Insuff. Resources
Poor Leadership
Little or no recognition of achievement
Poor Internal Communication
24
MBO Management by Objective

• Set Objectives
• Usually,Top-down
• Ideally, Participation Involvement
• Give Take Negotiation
• Develop Action Plan
• Establish Appropriate Action
• Managers should Ensure Individual Plans
  Compliment Each Other
• Periodic Review of Progess
• Monitor Results
• Modify Plan/Objectives
• Provide Helpful Feedback Support
• Performance Appraisal
• Compare Results to Objectives

25
Joint Objective Setting
Joint Planning Individual Action
Joint Control

• Focuses Effort
• Identifies Needed Resources
• Establishes Criteria of Success
• Encourages Self-Control

How would it play out under Theory X vs Theory Y?
26
The ()s (-)s of MBO
Pluses Minuses

• What, When How are Established
• Objectives are Interconnected
• Results Oriented
• Encourages Accountability
• Encourages Participation

• Can Be Rigid Bureaucratic
• Can Create Paper Work
• Focuses Only on Measureable Results
• Can be Punitive
• Can be Negative Reinforcement

27
Things to Avoid w/ MBO

• Linking MBO to Pay
• Focusing all Attention on Only Quantifiable
  Objectives
• Excessive Paper Work
• Telling Subordinates Their Objectives

28
(No Transcript)
29
Basic Functions of Project Management

• Defining
• Planning
• Organizing
• Controlling
• Closing

30
Effective Project Management

• Team Building
• Leadership/Facilitation
• Conflict Resolution
• Technical Expertise
• Planning
• Organization
• Administration
• Resource Allocation
• Management Support

31
Project Life Cycle
32
Project Management
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)