Lacey Act of 1900

1
Lacey Act of 1900

• prohibits transporting live/dead wild animals or
  their parts across state borders w/out federal
  permit

2
Lacey Act of 1900

• Implementation civil/criminal penalties for
  violations
• Pros
• one of the broadest and most comprehensive forces
  in the federal arsenal to combat wildlife crime
• Makes falsification of documents for wildlife
  trade illegal
• Cons
• Hard to regulate (spottier than a leopard)
• Original act only applied to birds/wild game

3
National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act

• Authorizes Secretary of commerce to designate as
  National Marine Sanctuaries those areas of the
  marine environment that are deemed of national
  significance

4
National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act

• Implementation Secretary conducts research to
  determine which areas are sanctuary-worthy
• Pros
• gives priority to areas with important
  conservation, recreation, ecological esthetic
  values
• Increases public awareness through educational
  programs
• Cons
• Controversy in deciding which areas are
  nationall significant
• no limit to amount of sanctuaries that can be
  designated

5
Anadromous Fish Act of 1965

• provided funding for restoration, enhancement,
  and management of anadromous fish
• address the growing concerns over salmon and
  herring populations throughout the country

6
Anadromous Fish Act of 1965

• Implementation provided funds primarily to the
  U.S., with federal oversight, to culture and
  stock fish in an effort to rebuild depleted
  stocks of marine and anadromous fish
• Pros
• Requires that an individual or govt agency
  provide prior notice to obtain permit approval
  from OHMP to construct a hydraulic project or
  use, divert, obstruct, pollute, or change the
  natual flow of a specified anadromous water body
• Cons
• Permit application time may be lengthy

7
Marine Mammal Protection Act

• This act was put into effect because certain
  species of marine mammals are in danger of
  extinction as a result of human growth and
  expansion
• These species of marine mammals should not be
  permitted to diminish beyond the point at which
  they cease to be a significant functioning
  element in the ecosystem of which they are a
  part.
• Further measures should be immediately taken to
  replenish any species or population stock which
  has already diminished below that population.
• Efforts should be made to protect essential
  habitats, including the rookeries, mating
  grounds, and areas of similar significance for
  each species of marine mammal from the adverse
  effect of man's actions.

8
Marine Mammal Protection Act

• Secretary is permitted to enforce such laws and
  is allowed to use federal agencies in doing so.
• Judges may issue warrants to those who are
  believed to be violating the act
• Illegal cargo may be seized, violators may be
  arrested.
• Cargo that is seized shall be held by the courts
  and the violators will face a court hearing and
  are subject to fines and possibility of
  imprisonment based upon the severity of the crime.

9
Pittman Robertson Act

• Also known as, Federal Aid in Wildlife
  Restoration act and approved by Congress on
  September 2, 1937, and begin functioning July 1,
  1938
• It provides funding for the selection,
  restoration, rehabilitation and improvements of
  wildlife habitat, wildlife management research
• This Act was amended October 23, 1970, to include
  funding for hunter training programs and the
  development, operation and maintenance of public
  target ranges.
• It is initiated by hunters and conservationists.

10
Pittman Robertson Act cont.

• It puts an excise tax of 11 on all sporting
  arms, ammunition, and archery equipment that is
  paid by hunters.
• The law has been amended twice in 1970 10 tax
  was added onto hand guns. 2 years later 11 tax
  was added to archery equipment.
• The tax pays for research and habitat work that
  benefits hundreds of species of wildlife.
• It provides aid to Puerto Rico, Guam, America
  Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands and the
  Virgin Islands for wildlife-restoration projects.

11
National Wildlife Refuge System Administration
Act

• By Nicole P and Ashley S.

12
National Wildlife Refuge System Administration
Act

• National Wildlife Refuge System Administration
  Act of 1966
• Ensures that the National Wildlife Refuge System
  is managed as a national system of related lands,
  waters, and interests for the protection and
  conservation of our Nation's wildlife resources
• Provides guidelines and directives for
  administration and management of all areas in the
  system, including wildlife refuges, areas for the
  protection and conservation of fish and wildlife
  that are threatened with extinction, wildlife
  ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas,
  or waterfowl production areas

13
Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species CITES 1975

• An agreement signed between 145 countries to
  ensure that international trade of wildlife
  animals and plants do not threaten their survival
• Trade includes live animals and plants, also
  includes products derived from them (food,
  leather, instruments)

• Lists 700 endangered or threatened species that
• cannot be commercially traded as live specimens
  
• or wildlife products

14
CITES

• CITES require that all import, export, re-export
  and
• introduction from the sea of species listed by
  the
• Convention has to be authorized through a
  licensing
• system.

• CONS
• Low enforcement
• Convicted violators often pay
• only small fines
• Countries that signed CITES
• can exempt themselves from
• protecting any listed species

• PROS
• Protect 700 endangered
• or threatened species

CITES Secretariat (2004). CITES. Retrieved on
May 02, 2004, from CITES website
http//www.cites.org/index.html. Miller, Tyler
Jr. (2001). Environmental Science Eight
Edition Brook/Coles Publisher.
15
Migratory Bird Conservation Act

• This Act establishes a Migratory Bird
  Conservation Commission to approve areas of land
  or water recommended by the Secretary of the
  Interior for acquisition as reservations for
  migratory birds. Consultation with state and
  local government is required prior to
  acquisition.
• The official responsible for the administration
  of a state's game laws, or his representative,
  shall be an ex officio member of the commission
  for the purpose of considering and voting on
  questions relating to the acquisition of areas in
  that state.
• The Migratory Bird Conservation Fund is
  established to acquire lands for conservation, to
  maintain acquired lands for habitat preservation,
  and for any expenses necessary for the
  administration development, and maintenance of
  such areas including construction of dams, dikes,
  ditches, spillways, and flumes for improving
  habitat, and mitigating pollution threats to
  waterfowl and migratory birds.