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Section 9.3
Nutrition for Individual Needs
Objectives
Examine how diabetics, vegetarians, people with
food sensitivities, and athletes can meet their
nutritional needs.
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Dear Advice Line, Ive recently become a
vegetarian, and it has my parents worried. They
think Im not getting enough nutrients, and they
keep telling me that I have to eat meat to be
healthy. How can I explain to them that a
vegetarian diet can be healthy?
Write a response to this teen to help solve the
problem.
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Diets for Diabetics

• Diabetes is a disease with dietary requirements
  that can help people manage their condition.

• Eating tips for diabetics (17)

• Eat balanced meals and snacks on a regular
  schedule.

• Monitor your carbohydrate intake.

• Control your weight.

• Get regular exercise.

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Vegetarian Diets

• A person who does not eat meat is called a
  vegetarian.

• Some vegetarians, called vegans, eat no food from
  any animal source. (18)

• Because vegetarians exclude certain foods from
  their diets, they need to get all amino acids,
  adequate vitamins and minerals, and a variety of
  different foods (19)

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Benefits of a Vegetarian Diet

• lower BMI

• lower risk of heart disease

• lower blood pressure

• lower risk of type 2 diabetes

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Risks of a Vegetarian Diet

• inadequate intake of vitamin B12, which can
  result in nerve damage

• lack of adequate calcium, which can lead to bone
  loss

• protein deficiency, which can result in hair and
  muscle loss

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Food Sensitivities
People with food sensitivities, which include
food allergies and food intolerances, may require
special diets.
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Food Allergies

• A food allergy is a response by your immune
  system to the proteins in certain foods. (20)

• About one percent of the population has some kind
  of food allergy.

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Food Intolerances

• A food intolerance is an inability to digest a
  particular food or food additive. (21)

• Food intolerances are more common than food
  allergies.

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( 20 and 21)
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Healthy Diets for Athletes
Athletes need a well-balanced diet with the
recommended amounts of carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins.
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Calorie Intake

• Athletes need to consume extra calories to fuel
  their higher level of physical activity. (22)

• Athletes should not restrict fat intake to less
  than that recommended in the MyPyramid plan.

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Fluid Intake

• During competition, athletes should drinkplenty
  of fluids.

• How much water athletes need depends on the
  duration and intensity of the competition and
  weather factors.

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Carbohydrate Loading

• Carbohydrate loading is the practice of greatly
  increasing carbohydrate intake and decreasing
  exercise on the days immediately before a
  competition. (23)

• For marathon runners or other endurance athletes,
  carbohydrate loading may help supply needed
  energy.

• For the average athlete, it probably is
  unnecessary.

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