Cardiovascular Health Chapter 12

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Cardiovascular Health Chapter 12

• Function
• Health
• Threats

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Introduction

• Leading cause of death in the U.S.
• Both men and women
• Causes one American death every 33 secs
• Nearly 1/2 of all Americans will die from it

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Preventable!

• 45 of all heart attacks occur in people under
  the age of 65
• Most of CVD risk is lifestyle-related

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Function

• Pulmonary circulation
• Blood to and from the lungs.
• Systemic circulation
• Left side of the heart pumps blood through the
  rest of the body.
• Heart, blood vessels, hormones, enzymes and
  wastes.

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Major Parts

• Heart has four chambers (size of a fist).
• Upper chambers - Atria
• Left Right
• Lower chambers - Ventricles
• Left Right
• Coronary arteries
• Hearts blood and oxygen supply

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Website

• http//resources.schoolscience.co.uk/abpi/heart/he
  art4.html

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Movement of Blood Body Heart

• Veins to, arteries away
• Vena Cava
• Brings de-oxygenated blood to heart
• Aorta
• Carries oxygenated blood from heart

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Actions of Valves

• http//heart.health.ivillage.com/heartvalve/valvul
  arstenosis3.cfm

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Movement of Blood Heart Lungs

• Pulmonary Artery
• Carries blood to lungs away from heart
• Pulmonary Vein
• Carries blood back to heart from lungs

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Blood Pressure

• Force of blood against artery walls
• 120 over 80
• 120
• 80

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What the numbers mean

• Top number heart contracting
• Bottom number heart relaxing
• Which will exert more pressure against walls?

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Technical terms

• Top number systolic pressure
• Bottom number diastolic pressure
• Systolic contracting
• Diastolic relaxing

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What should the numbers be?

• Normal
• 120 over 80
• Prehypertension
• between 120 over 80
• to 139 over 89
• Hypertension
• gt 140 over 90

• http//heart.health.ivillage.com/bloodpressure/hig
  hbparfamer.cfm

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BP Health

• Vegetables, Fruits, Low-fat dairy
• Low salt (sodium)
• Exercise
• Dont drink dont smoke
• Lose weight

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Pre-test

• http//www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?ident
  ifier1200000dynamicPage/quizzes/quiz.jhtmldyna
  micPageNumber1quizNameCHOLquiz1

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Cholesterol

• LDL - less than 120 dl/mg
• HDL - greater than 60 dl/mg
• Over 240 indicates high risk of CVD

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What is cholesterol?

• soft, waxy substance found among
• the lipids (fats) in the bloodstream
• in all your body's cells.
• used to form
• cell membranes
• some hormones

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Where is it?

• Can't dissolve in the blood
• Transported to and from the cells by special
  carriers
• Lipoproteins
• LDL major carrier
• HDL carries back to liver

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Total Cholesterol

• Desirable  lt 200 mg/dLBorderline high
  risk  200239 mg/dLHigh risk  gt 240 mg/dL
• Optimal for ages 2-19 170

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LDL ? vs. HDL ?

• LDL gt 160 increased risk
• lt100 optimal if high risk
• lt 160 optimal if low risk
• HDL lt 40 men or lt 50 women increased risk
• gt 65 optimal

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LDL levels

• lt 100 mg/dL Optimal
• 100 to 129 mg/dL Near Optimal/ Above Optimal
• 130 to 159 mg/dL Borderline High
• 160 to 189 mg/dL High
• 190 mg/dL and above Very High

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Triglycerides

• Another type of blood fat
• lt 150 optimal

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Cholesterol Health - Fats

• Limit saturated fats
• Replace saturated fats with lower-fat foods
• Increase unsaturated fat
• Carefully monitor intake of food high in
  cholesterol
• Severely limit foods containing trans fatty acids

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Cholesterol Health - Fiber

• Increase viscous fiber (oats, barley, soybeans,
  dried beans and peas, and citrus fruit )
• Increase stanol/sterol esters (special
  margarines, fortified orange juice, special
  cocoa/chocolate bars)

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Post-test

• http//www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?ident
  ifier1200000dynamicPage/quizzes/quiz.jhtmldyna
  micPageNumber1quizNameCHOLquiz1

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Risk Factors

• Six Major Risk Factors that can be changed.
• Tobacco use.
• Physical inactivity.
• Obesity
• High blood pressure.
• Diabetes
• High levels of cholesterol.
• LDLs and HDLs

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Factors Not Controllable

• Heredity
• Age
• Sex (gender)
• Ethnicity

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Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease

• Hypertension
• Atherosclerosis
• Angina Pectoris
• Arrhythmias
• Heart Attack/MI
• Congestive Heart Failure
• Stroke

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Detecting and Treating Heart Disease

• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Angiogram
• Balloon Angioplasty
• Coronary Bypass Surgery

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Stroke or Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

• Transient Ischemic Attacks
• Ischemic stroke
• Thrombotic stroke
• Embolic Stroke
• Hemorrhagic stroke
• Aneurysm

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The Effects of a Stroke

• 600,000 Americans per year
• One-third die within a year
• Survivors have some lasting disability.

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Stroke Warning Signs

• Sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm, leg or
  one side of the body
• Loss of Speech or difficulty speaking
• Dimming or loss of vision in one eye
• Unexplained dizziness in relation to other
  symptoms

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Detecting and Treating Stroke

• Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
• Computed tomography (CT)
• Rehabilitation
• Physical therapy
• Speech and Language therapy
• Occupational therapy

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Congestive Heart Failure

• Pulmonary edema
• Heart can not maintain regular pumping rate
  fluid backs up.
• Controlled by
• Reducing cardiac load
• Eliminating excess fluid
• Restricting of salt and drug therapy

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Congenital Heart Disease

• Holes between the ventricles.
• Narrowing of the aorta.
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
• Rheumatic Heart Disease
• Streptococcal infections
• Heart Valve Disorders
• Mitral valve prolapse

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Protecting Yourself Against CVD

• Total Fats less than 30
• Low Saturated Fats
• Increased Dietary Fiber
• Moderation of Alcohol
• No smoking
• Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, folic acid,
  vitamin B-6 B-12,soy protein, and total
  calories.

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Protecting Yourself

• Moderate physical activity
• Blood pressure monitored twice a year
• Control Cholesterol levels
• Effective means of controlling stress

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DASH

• Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
• DASH DIET

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HOSTILITYIf we could read thesecret
history of our enemies,we should find in each
man's lifesorrow and suffering enoughto disarm
any hostility.     - H.W. Longfellow