ComputerMediated Communication

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Computer-Mediated Communication
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• CMC

C-md Computer Mediated Communication Basis Geert
Swennen Patricia Huion Herwerking 2004 Niels
Hendriks
Basis Geert Swennen Bewerking 2004 Niels
Hendriks
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On last weeks assignment

• The deadline for the assignment is postponed
• New deadline 04.10.2004

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CMC

• Definition of CMC
• Forms of CMC
• Classification of CMC
• CMC vs. F2F-communicatie

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• A. Definition van CMC

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A. Definitie CMC

• CMC is the process by which people create,
  exchange, and perceive information using
  networked telecommunications systems (or
  non-networked computers) that facilitate
  encoding, transmitting, and decoding messages.
• (http//www.december.com/john/study/cmc/what.html
  )

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B. Forms of CMC
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B. Forms of CMC

• E-mail electronic mail sent to stored on
  servers (POP) later sent to mailserver
  addressee / BCC - Attachment
• Instant Messenger (IM)eg MSNMessenger
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) chatting/ channels/
  moderator
• Multi-User Dungeon/Domain (MUD) virtual meeting
  places
• Usenet-groups newsgroups / thousands of
  topics/ moderator/ Comp.os.windows.multimedia
• WorldWideWeb (WWW) network of thousands of
  computers spread over the world (servers). These
  servers are stocked with pages of information who
  refer to each other via hyperlinks
• Other Internet Phone, Video Conference

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• C. Classification of CMC

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C. Classification of CMC

• Chronological
• 1970 Usenet
• 1971 Ray Tomlinson (Arpanet) E-mail
• (invented the _at_-symbol)
• 1979 Roy Trubshaw MUD
• (student, game Dungeons Dragons)
• 1988 Jarkko Oikarinen IRC (phd-student)
• 1990 Berners Lee Tim WWW

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C. Classification CMC

• TIME - Synchronous vs. asynchronous
• Synchronous
• real time
• IRC, MUD, IM
• Asynchronous
• delayed
• E-mail, newsgroups

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C. Classification CMC

• Transmission - One-way vs. two-way
• One-way
• Whole message in one time
• IRC, e-mail, newsgroups, MUD
• Two-way
• Letter-transmission
• IM

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C. Classification CMC

• One-to-one, one-to-many many-to-many
• One-to-one
• 1 sender 1 receiver (my e-mail to a colleague)
• One-to-many
• 1 sender many receivers (an internetradiostation)
• Many-to-many
• Multiple senders multiple receivers (new
  internetjournalism techniques gt sms-smart mobs)

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• D. CMC vs. F2F-communication

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D. CMC vs F2F-communication

• Social Presence Theory (Short, Williams,
  Christie)
• A medias capacity to transmit information about
  facial expression, direction of looking, posture,
  dress and nonverbal, vocal cues

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D. CMC vs F2F-communication

• Media/Information Richness Theory (Daft and
  Lengel, 1984 1986)
• the extent to which a medium or information is
  perceived as rich or lean by the communicators.
• the ability of a medium to carry information

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D. CMC vs. F2F-communication

• Cues-filtered-out theory (Kiesler et al. 1984)
• Absence of regulating feedback
• Dramaturgical Weakness
• No non-verbal elements
• No Paralinguïstic elements tempo,
  toonverschillen, (indicator of hesitation,
  irritation,)
• Few social cues (status, hierarchy,)
• Who am I talking to pope / - a 6-year old
• Anonimity
• I am who I want to be (or I am who you want me to
  be)
• Lack of - shared physical environment - eye
  contact - physical touch - non-verbal cues
• forced to interact and channel all communication
  through a text-only medium, or at most very rough
  graphical representations

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D. CMC vs. F2F-communicatie

• Refinements Cues-filtered-out theory
• 1. Dramaturgical weakness?
• Verbalisation of the physical condition Reid
  1991
• Emoticons smileys
• p
• Verwoordingen
• Hehe hmmm
• Thoughts in between stars
• sigh
• Shouting
• HELLO, CAN ANYBODY ANSWER MY QUESTION?!
• Still, textual cues

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D. CMC vs. F2F-communicatie

• 2. Voice to the voiceless Sproull Kiesler
  1991
• Liberating
• The democratic ideal of the internet

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Assignment 1

• Due next week
• Try to find examples of the cues filtered
  out-theory voice of the voiceless-principles
• CFO-your own experience (use screenshots, text
  transcripts,)
• VttV search (use screenshots, text
  transcripts,)