Preventive Maintenance

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The Basics of Maintenance in General Aviation
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U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Aviation Administration
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Basics of Maintenance In General Aviation
for Pilots and Technicians
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• Aviation Safety Program Manager Airworthiness
  Representative Richard Mileham

• FAA-Flight Standards Division
• 2300 E. Devon Ave
• Des Plaines, IL 60018
• Tel [phone]
• FAX [phone]

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Web Address

• Richard.Mileham_at_faa.gov

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OBJECTIVE

• This presentation is designed to provide
  aviators with information concerning aircraft
  maintenance and preventative maintenance.

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MAINTENANCE

• Ensure the Airworthiness of the Aircraft

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FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS (FARs)

• FAR Part 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
• FAR Part 43 Maintenance, Preventive
  Maintenance, Rebuilding and
  Alterations
• FAR Part 91 General Operating Rules

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FAR Part 1Definition of......

• Preventive Maintenance simple or minor
  preservation operations and the replacement of
  small standard parts not involving complex
  assembly operations.

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What is maintenance?
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Definitions continued

• Maintenance is
• Inspections
• Overhaul
• Repair
• Preservation and
• Replacement of Parts

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FAR Part 91, Subpart E

• General Operating
• and
• Flight Rules

TOOLS
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Maintenance Regulations in FAR Part 91

• The 400 series of FAR Part 91 states the
  maintenance regulations for owners and operators.

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Who is responsible for the Airworthiness of the
Aircraft
N1202
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For FAR Part 91 General Aviation Operations, the
Owner or Operator is Primarily Responsible
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Part 91 continued

• Specifically, FAR 91.403 (a) states owner or
  operator is primarily responsible for maintaining
  the aircraft in an airworthy condition.
• This includes compliance with Part 39.
• FAR Part 39 concerns Airworthiness Directives.

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Part 91 continued

• FAR 91.403(b) states No person may perform
  maintenance, preventive maintenance, or
  alterations on an aircraft other than prescribed
  in this subpart, and other applicable
  regulations, including Part 43.

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Did you know................

• All U.S. registered aircraft are required to be
  maintained in accordance with the Federal
  Aviation Regulation Part 43 except for one
  category of aircraft.

• Aircraft that have been certificated in the
  Experimental Category.

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Part 91 continued

• FAR 91.405 Maintenance Required, paragraph (b)
  states Each owner of an aircraft shall ensure
  that maintenance personnel make appropriate
  entries in the aircraft maintenance records
  indicating the aircraft has been approved for
  return to service.

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Part 91 continued

• FAR 91.407 (a)(1) states No person may operate
  any aircraft that has undergone maintenance,
  preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration
  unless it has been approved for return to service
  by a person authorized under Part 43.7 and
  .................

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Part 91 continued

• the maintenance record entry required by FAR 43.9
  has been made.

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FAR 91 requires maintenance to be performed in
accordance with FAR 43

• Lets take a look at the requirements of FAR 43

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FAR 43.3 Persons Authorized

• Paragraph (g) states that a holder of a pilot
  certificate may perform preventive maintenance on
  any aircraft owned or operated by that pilot.

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FAR 43.3 Persons Authorizedcontinued

• Provided the aircraft is not being used under FAR
  Part 121, 127, 129, or 135.

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• Remember what FAR 91.405 91.407 stated about
  maintenance records?

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• If maintenance is performed, it must be entered
  in a maintenance record and approved for return
  to service by a person authorized.

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FAR 43.7 Persons Authorized to Approve for Return
to Service

• Paragraph (f) states a person holding at least a
  private pilot certificate may approve an aircraft
  for return to service after performing preventive
  maintenance

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FAR 43.9 Content, Form and Disposition of
Preventive Maintenance Records

• Paragraphs (a)(1),(2) (4), states each person
  who performs preventive maintenance shall make an
  entry in the maintenance record of that equipment
  containing the following

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• A description of the work performed.

• The date of completion

• Total Aircraft Time TAT

• Your signature, certificate number, and kind of
  certificate.

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• ie.
• Private Pilot PP123456789
• Commercial Pilot CP123456789
• ATP ATP 123456789

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.
Airframe Log Book
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE
DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED
SIGNATURE
01/21/98

TAT. 4,625 Replaced Rt. Main landing gear
Tire with Goodyear Tach 962 600X6, 6 ply rating
. Followed procedures of
Cessna Service Manual for replacement of
tire. Sec.....
Par.....etc. .

Ima B. Good


Ima B. Good

PP 123456789
TachTime (Optional)


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• Lets take a look at what types of preventive
  maintenance you are authorized to
  perform!

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Powerplant

• replacing any hose connection except
• hydraulic connections
• Removing, checking, and replacing magnetic chip
  detectors, and Replacing any cowling,
• Unless

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Removal of the prop
UNLESS

• is required to get the nose bowl off

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Powerplant continued

• replacing prefabricated fuel lines
• cleaning or replacing fuel and oil strainer or
  filters
• replacing or cleaning spark plugs and setting gap

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Landing Gear

• landing gear tires, servicing struts
• wheel bearings
• safety wire or cotter keys
• lubrication, not requiring disassembly
• replacing wheels and skis where no WB is
  involved

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Did you say that as a Pilot, I can change my own
tires ??
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Fuselage Interior

• Replenishing hydraulic fluid
• Replacing side windows ??
• Repairing upholstery
• Replacing safety belts
• Replacing seats or seat parts

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Fuselage Interiorcontinued

• Replacing servicing batteries

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Electrical

• Trouble shooting and repairing broken circuits in
  landing light wiring
• Replacing bulbs, reflectors, lenses or position
  or landing lights

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General Preventive MaintenanceItems

• simple fabric patches
• refinishing decorative coatings
• applying preservative or protective materials
• making simple repairs to fairings, nonstructural
  items

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General Preventive MaintenanceItems continued

• installation of anti
  misfueling devices
• replacement or adjustment of nonstruc- tural
  fasteners

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Primary Category Aircraft

• Inspection and maintenance tasks for your
  aircraft provided you have at least a private
  pilots license, you are the registered owner,
  and work is performed in accordance with the
  manufacturers instructions.

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This information can be found in FAR Part 43
Appendix A

• Paragraph (c), Preventive Maintenance states in
  part
• Preventive Maintenance is limited to the
  aforementioned work, provided it does not involve
  complex assembly operations.

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Airworthiness Certificate

• .

VOID
6
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Airworthiness Certificate Block 6. TERMS AND
CONDITIONS
Unless sooner surrendered, suspended, revoked, or
a termination date is otherwise established by
the Administrator, this airworthiness certificate
is effective as long as the maintenance,
preventive maintenance, and alterations are
performed in accordance with Parts 21, 43, and 91
of the Federal Aviation Regulations, as
appropriate, and the aircraft is registered in
the United States.
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Sample Log Entries
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Sample Log Entries FAR Part 43 Appendix A
(c) (English Version)
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Maintenance ScenarioFAR 43.9, FAR 91.417
Aircraft Make Cessna Date 01/21/98 Model
172M TAT 4,625 Hrs Serial No. 18454 Eng
SMOH 962 Hrs Eng TT 2,762 Hrs Prop TT. 962
Hrs Cessna 172 Service Manual is
Available.
___
Make a Typical log book entry indicating the
replacement of the Right main landing gear Tire
and typical return to service.
You are a Certificated Private Pilot, AP
Mechanic or Repairman Certificate 123456789

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.
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE
DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED
SIGNATURE



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.
Airframe Log Book
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE
DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED
SIGNATURE
01/21/98

TAT. 4,625 Replaced Rt. Main landing gear
Tire with Goodyear Tach 962 600X6, 6 ply
rating. Followed
procedures of Cessna Service Manual for
replacement of tire. Sec.....
Par.....etc.

Ima B. Good


Ima B. Good

PP 123456789
Tach Time (Optional)


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Maintenance ScenarioFAR 43.9, FAR 91.417
Aircraft Make Cessna Date 01/21/98 Model
172M TAT 4,625 Hrs Serial No. 18454 Eng
SMOH 962 Hrs Eng TT 2,762 Hrs Prop TT. 962
Hrs Cessna 172, and Lycoming Service Manual is
Available, and AC 43.13-1A, .
__________________________________________________
____
Make a Typical log book entry indicating the
replacement of the Spark Plugs, and typical
return to service.
You are a Certificated Pilot, Mechanic, or
Repairman Cert 123456789

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POWERPLANT MAINTENANCE LOG BOOK
ENGINE MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE
DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED
SIGNATURE
Removed and Replaced all spark plugs, installed 8
new Champion REM1234 spark plugs in accordance
with Lycoming service instructions Used anti
seize compound on threads and torqued to
specifications as stated in service manual, Eng
run and Mag check OK. Ima B.
Good
Ima B. Good
PP123456789
01/21/98 Eng TT2,762Hrs SMOH962 Hrs
Tach 962 Hrs (optional)


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POWERPLANT MAINTENANCE LOG BOOK
ENGINE MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE
DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED
SIGNATURE
04/21/98 Changed oil Added 8 Quarts of
Aeroshell

Engine TT 2,762 Hrs.
50 compounded Oil
Removed Inspected oil screen and
re-installed in accordance with service manual
SMOH 962 Hrs.
Ima B. Good
Ima B. Good PP 123456789


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Safe and Happy
Flying
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Remember
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Produced for

• Airworthiness Safety Program Manager