Avoiding Plagiarism:

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Avoiding Plagiarism

• Modified APA style of referencing

Mrs. McGowan, Teacher-Librarian (2011) Adapted
from Ms. E. Hansen, QE (2006) Adapted from Ms. M.
Mirka, Centennial (2004)
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Do you know

• What is Plagiarism?
• What is an in-text Citation?
• What is a reference list?
• What does paraphrasing mean?

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Getting Started

• What is Plagiarism?
• Plagiarism means using anothers work without
  giving them credit and saying that it is your own

From Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap.
Powerpoint Presentation
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(No Transcript)
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Examples of Plagiarism

• Copying and pasting text from online
  encyclopedias
• Copying and pasting text from any web site
• Using photographs, video or audio without
  permission or acknowledgement
• Using another students or your parents work and
  claiming it as your own even with permission
• Using your own work without properly citing it!

From Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap.
Powerpoint Presentation
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More Examples of Plagiarism

• Quoting a source without using quotation
  marks-even if you do cite it
• Citing sources you didnt use
• Getting a research paper, story, poem, or article
  off the Internet
• Turning in the same paper for more than one class
  without the permission of both teachers (this is
  called self-plagiarism)
• Can you think of more?

From Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap.
Powerpoint Presentation
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How to Avoid Plagiarism

• Use your own words and ideas
• Always give credit to the source where you have
  received your information
• If you use someones exact words - put them in
  quotes and give credit using in-text citations.
  Include the source in your references

From Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap.
Powerpoint Presentation
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How to Avoid Plagiarism

• If you have paraphrased someones work,
  (summarizing a passage or rearranging the order
  of a sentence and changing some of the
  words)-always give credit
• Take very good notes--write down the source as
  you are taking notes. Do not wait until later to
  try and retrieve the original source
• Avoid using someone elses work with minor
  cosmetic changes

From Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap.
Powerpoint Presentation
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Getting Started

• What is a reference list?
• A reference list at the end of a paper provides
  the full information necessary to identify and
  retrieve each source. It cites works that
  specifically support a particular article.
• References should be alphabetically listed by
  authors last name at the end of the paper or
  presentation.
• A bibliography?
• A bibliography cites works for background or for
  further reading.

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Getting Started

• What is a Citation?
• References and citations in text are the formal
  methods of acknowledging the use of a creators
  work.
• An In-Text Citation?
• Direct citations and quotations are acknowledged
  in the body of a research assignment.
• (Right in the sentence or paragraph)

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http//gladstone.vsb.bc.ca/library/cheating/
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How does plagiarism affect you??

• WHAT happens if you plagiarize?
• In junior/senior high school?
• In post-secondary?
• In society?

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Special Consideration The INTERNET

• Special recognition needs to be given to the
  Internet as a source of information. Due to the
  transient nature of information on the Internet,
  you may choose to keep a copy (either paper or
  electronic) of the website used.
• WHY???
• Internet sites must be evaluated very carefully
  for reliability, as all sources are not
  authoritative or trustworthy.
• Who wrote it? Whats the source? Contact info?
• Is the info accurate? Appropriate? Reliable?
• When was the information last updated?
• Does it agree with other credible sources?
• Do the links work? Is it well laid out? Easy to
  navigate?

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CITATIONS IN TEXT
Definition In text citations identify the source
of a quotation or a personal communication used
in research. Format like this (authors last
name, publication date, and page number p. or
pp.). 1 2
3 Citations within the writing (paragraph) are
quick and limited in information. Citations
point you to the full information on a back
References page.

• Purpose
• Whether paraphrasing or quoting an author
  directly, the source must be credited.
• In text citations refer the reader to a
  References page. The reader then knows where the
  information came from.

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• Format
• Citations are included in the same sentence or
  paragraph as the quotation.
• The sentence and the citation together must
  provide the authors last name, publication date
  and page(s) from which the quotation was taken.

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In Text Format for Poetry

• For poetry, include line numbers at the end of a
  quote (Jones, l. 5) or (Stevens, ll. 2-18).
• Once you know the source, just use line numbers
  (l. 18).
• One line? work the line into a sentence, use
  quote marks (l. 7).
• Two or three lines? separate each line with a
  slash / to indicate the end of the lines. Use
  quotation marks.
• Four lines or longer? set the quote apart, and
  block indent. Do not use quotation marks. (ll. 12
  20)

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• Punctuation
• Quotation marks enclose quotations of less
  than 40 words and are included in the sentence or
  text, then the citation.
• Quotations of more than 40 words are indented
  five spaces from the left margin and are
  double-spaced in a free-standing block (example
  later). They are also known as a Block Quotation.
• Just before the long quotation starts, type a
  colon then indent your long quotation (block
  quotation). (then your citation after the period)
• Brackets ( ) enclose information about the source
  of the quotation (this is the citation).

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Quotation Examples

• less than 40 words
• He confirms our suspicions. Because N-Gen
  children are born with technology, they
  assimilate it. Adults must accommodate a
  different and much more difficult learning
  process_ (Tapscott, 1998, p. 40). (Punctuation
  is only after in-text citation.)

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Quotation Examples
2. more than forty words (Block Quotation)
The Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (2010) explains how to
avoid plagiarism Quotation marks should be used
to indicate the exact words of another. Each time
you paraphrase another author (i.e., summarize a
passage or rearrange the order of a sentence and
change some of the words), you need to credit the
source of the text.. (p.15) (Punctuation at
end of quote, before the citation.)
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Citation Example 1
He states, anything takes on a new meaning when
we think of it as a monument (Boorstin, 1987,
p. 215) and adds that monuments can be both
man-made and natural. Note punctuation What
makes this sentence elegant or unique? The
sentence has both a direct quotation and a
paraphrase!
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Citation Example 2

• Johnston and Cutchins (1988) state that life is
  hard for animal babies of all kinds, but for
  young reptiles, surviving their first year is
  especially difficult (p. 36).
• To put two authors in the brackets, you must use
  the ampersand symbol. (Johnston Cutchins,
  1988, p. 36)
• For more than 3 authors, you may use the Latin
  phrase et al which means and the
  rest (Abrams, et al, 2010, p. 345)

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Personal Communications
Personal communications include e-mail letters,
telephone conversations, interviews, etc. They
are mentioned in the body of a paper only, as
they are not locatable. They are cited (see
below), but NEVER included in your reference
list, because a reader cannot refer to or locate
them later.
Author Martine Bates (personal communication,
January 25, 2011) is excited about Marwens
latest adventures and hopes her readers are too.
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Citing Electronic Sources(Internet, Online
Communities, etc)
For electronic sources that do not provide page
numbers Use the paragraph number, if available,
preceded by the paragraph symbol or the
abbreviation para. If neither paragraph nor page
numbers are visible, cite the heading and the
number of the paragraph following it to direct
the reader to the location of the material (APA,
2010, Section 7.11). (Myers, 2008,
5)(Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para. 1)
(APA Style, 2005, para. 3)
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Citing Internet Sources or Sources with No Author
Many times, you will encounter and need to cite a
resource that does not have an author. It might
be a Corporation. We are used to doing citations
using the authors last name. However, this is
not always possible. REFERENCE LISTING of
resources that do not have authors No
Author Sports nutrition Nutrition science the
Olympics. (2008). Retrieved from
http//btc.montana.edu/olympics/nutrition/default.
htm
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• Corporate Author
• Centre for Systems Science at Simon Fraser
  University. Image. (2009). Great Canadian
  scientists. Retrieved from http//fas.sfu.ca/css/g
  cs/main.html
• Romeo and Juliet CD-ROM. (1997). New York
  Columbia.
• Use the first few words of the title or
  corporate author if no authors name is given
• Examples
•  Many people feel that eating healthy foods can
  help your performance playing sports It is a
  proven fact that eating a nutritious meal prior
  to a game will increase performance (Sports
  Nutrition, 1998).

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Why use the American Psychological Association
(APA) format regarding references? It is very
widely recognized and an authoritative source for
references and citations in research work. APA is
frequently used in local universities. It is not
the only form. What other forms are there? MLA,
Turabian, Chicago Use what the instructor asks!
APA Website University of Calgary Son of Citation
Machine
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Source http//www.fborfw.com/strip_fix/archives/0
00811.php
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References

• Go to the back of your document, and on a
  SEPARATE piece of paper
• Centre the word References (not bolded) at the
  top of the page.
• Give the full information on how to access your
  sources, in alphabetic order, (sort?) and a
  hanging indent.
• Double-space the whole page.

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References

• American Psychological Association. (2010).
  Publication manual of the American Psychological
  Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC Author.
• APA Style.Org (2005). Electronic references
  Citations in text of electronic material.
  Retrieved from http//www.apastyle.org/electext.h
  tml
• Calgary Board of Education. (2000). References
  and citations in text Formats for student
  research. Retrieved from http//www.cbe.ab.ca/sss
  /ssspdf/ref-citations-05-00.pdf

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Bibliography(suggested for further information
or investigation)
American Psychological Association. (2010).
American Psychological Association Psych Net.
Retrieved from http//www.apa.org/journals/webref.
html Bibliographic formats for citing electronic
information. (2009). Retrieved from
http//www.uvim/edu/ncrane/estyles
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Thank You! You are welcome to ask your
teacher-librarian if you need any help. ?The
End.
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For Better or For Worse Lynn Johnston Source
http//www.fborfw.com/strip_fix/archives/000809.ph
p
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Source http//www.fborfw.com/strip_fix/archives/0
00810.php
H\\samcgowan\PlagiarismCitations.ppt