Division of Fleet Operations DFO

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Division of Fleet Operations (DFO)

• Vision Statement
• To be considered the most efficient
  organization
• Mission Statement
• Provide excellent service, maximum efficiency,
  and customer fulfillment.

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How do you spend your fuel

• The Division of Fleet Operations
• Moving in the Right Direction

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Goals and Objectives

• To understand normal internal combustion process
• To explain abnormal fuel ignitions and remedies
  to those problems
• To explain octane Ratings and their functions
• To show examples of fuel usage compared to their
  repair and maintenance costs
• To show options to save your fuel

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Conventional Four Stroke Cycle

• AirFuel ratio 14.71
• 1 Intake Stroke
• 2 Compression Stroke
• 3 Combustion Stroke
• 4 Exhaust Stroke

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Abnormal fuel ignitions

• Knocking or Pinging Flame front collides with
  the rising piston or other flame front
• Pre-Ignition Air and fuel mixture prematurely
  igniting

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Controlling abnormal ignition

• Electronic Control Module (ECM) controls all
  electronic functions of vehicle
• Knock sensor detects pinging allowing spark
  plug timing to be adjusted
• Oxygen Sensor detects AirFuel mixture after the
  burn indicating a need for a possible change

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Controlling abnormal ignition

• Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) gauges how far gas
  pedal is depressed
• Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor verifies
  oxygen content in air, relative to altitude
• Coolant Temperature Sensor (CTS) detects a cold
  engine
• Octane Ratings

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What is an Octane

• Octane consists of eight carbons atoms surrounded
  by hydrogen atoms
• 70 Octane and 30 Heptane is 70 Octane
• In WWII Tetraethyl lead was used to significantly
  increased octane rating
• Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) boosts octane
  ratings and is an oxygenate

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What is an Octane Rating

• Measure of the antiknock properties of gasoline
• Higher Octane ratings allow for a more controlled
  burn
• Research Octane Number (RON)
• Motor Octane Number (MON)

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How Did We Get Here?

• Concerns with vehicle performance and
  capabilities
• Recent years have seen significant fuel price
  increases
• Fuel costs increased .26 cents per gallon from
  last year
• More mileage being driven each year

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Definitions of Gasoline Grades The
classification of gasoline by octane ratings.
Each type of gasoline (conventional, oxygenated,
and reformulated) is classified by three grades -
Regular, Mid-grade, and Premium. Note Gasoline
sales are reported by grade in accordance with
their classification at the time of sale. In
general, automotive octane requirements are lower
at high altitudes. Therefore, in some areas of
the United States, such as the Rocky Mountain
States, the octane ratings for the gasoline
grades may be 2 or more octane points lower.
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Regular Gasoline Gasoline having an antiknock
index, i.e., octane rating, greater than or equal
to 85 and less than 88. Note Octane requirements
may vary by altitude. Mid-grade Gasoline
Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane
rating, greater than or equal to 88 and less than
or equal to 90. Note Octane requirements may
vary by altitude.  Premium Gasoline Gasoline
having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,
greater than 90. Note Octane requirements may
vary by altitude.
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• The Low-Down on High Octane Gasoline
• Are you tempted to buy a high octane gasoline
  for your car because you want to improve its
  performance? If so, take note the recommended
  gasoline for most cars is regular octane. In
  fact, in most cases, using a higher octane
  gasoline than your owner's manual recommends
  offers absolutely no benefit. It won't make your
  car perform better, go faster, get better mileage
  or run cleaner. Your best bet listen to your
  owner's manual.

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s of fuel used
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How much fuel do we use?

• Total of all fuels
• Prem.Unleaded
• Plus Unleaded
• Reg. Unleaded

• 10,473,875.86 gal.
• 1,614,746.40 gal.
• 3,345,955.80 gal.
• 5,513,173.66 gal.

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Using Regular Unleaded how much can we save

• Premium Unleaded
• Plus Unleaded
• Total fuel saved

• 248,670.95
• 354,671.31
• 603,342.26

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Analyzing the Ford Crown Victoria

• Including
• Repair Costs
• Maintenance Costs
• Life Miles
• Model Year
• 747 Vehicles

• Not Including
• Fuel Costs
• Equip Costs
• Up fitting Costs
• Accidents
• Anomalies
• Exceptions

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Repair and Maintenance for the Ford Crown Victoria

• Information Includes
• 747 Crown Victorias
• Repair and Maintenance Costs
• Model Year and Life Miles

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Available alternatives

• Use State fuel sites when filling with gasoline
• Use Regular Unleaded fuel when fueling
• Encourage conservative driving

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Recommendation

• Using Regular Unleaded fuel will get your fuel
  back in your budget
• Verify your vehicles are running properly
• Routine Preventative Maintenance (PM) can
  alleviate many questions of vehicle reliability

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Division of Fleet Operations(DFO)

• Any Questions ?