COPD

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COPD

• Donna Skurat
• Spring 212

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

• Asthma
• Chronic Bronchitis
• Emphysema

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Incidence

• Smokers
• Urban Dwellers
• Frequent respiratory infections

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Etiology

• Cigarette smoking
• Air pollution
• Occupational pollutants

• Aging process
• Congenital alpha-trypsin deficiency

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COPDBronchitis (Blue bloater)

• corpulent-cyanotic
• inflammation spasm of bronchial walls
• hypertrophy of goblet cells causing increased
  secretions

• impaired ciliary action
• cough with copious secretions

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COPDEmphysema -Pink puffer

• thin pink
• hyperinflation of alveoli
• loss of elasticity of alveoli

• destruction of alveolar walls
• use of accesory muscles
• pursed lip breathing

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COPDResults of physiological changes

• Chest
• Lungs in chronic state of hyperinflation
• fixed -increased AP diameter
• Blebs
• Air trapping behind obstructed bronchi

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COPDResults continued

• Destruction of pulmonary capillaries
• Alveolar collapse
• Pulmonary hypertension

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COPDComplications

• RESPIRATORY FAILURE
• hypoxia -oxygen pressure less than 50mm Hg
• hypercarbia -carbon dioxide pressure more
  than 50mm Hg

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COPD

• TREATMENT
• low flow oxygen
• observe for carbon dioxide narcosis
• shallow respirations
• confusion
• lethargy
• coma
• mechanical ventilation

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COPDComplications

• COR PULMONALE
• enlargement of right ventricle
• right sided failure
• Symptoms
• dependent edema
• pain in liver area
• TREATMENT
• Digoxin

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COPDNursing Care

• GENERAL OBJECTIVES
• To improve ventilation
• To overcome hypoxia
• 1.) No smoking
• 2.) Avoid inhalants
• 3.) Avoid allergens
• 4.) Avoid cold air

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COPDNursing care

• 5.) Remove secretions
• bronchodilators
• adrenocorticosteroids
• antibiotics
• liquefying expectorants
• postural drainage chest physiotherapy
• aerosols

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COPD

• 6.) O2 administration
• 7.) Breathing exercises
• 8.) Force fluids
• 9.) Small frequent feedings

• 10.) Physical exercise and conditioning
• 11.) Vaccines
• 12.) Avoid stressful situations
• 13.) Emotional support