Problems with Respiratory Tract

1
Problems with Respiratory Tract

• NU210

2
Upper Respiratory Disorders

• Infection of Para-nasal Sinuses
• S/S
• fever, chills
• pain/numbness of teeth
• purulent, discolored discharge
• Treatment
• ATB, decongestants, steroids nasal spray,
• humidification
• surger

3
Pharyngitis

• S/S
• sore throat, dysphagia, fever, cough
• Treatment
• good handwashing
• ATB
• saline gargles

4
Tonsillitis

• S/S
• sore throat, dysphagia, ear pain, malaise
• purulent exudate
• Treatment
• ATB, rest, gargle
• Surgery - TA
• Nursing Care - Post-op
• position, bleeding, cool liquids, analgesics
  X7-10 days, complications

5
Upper Respiratory Disorders

• Rhinitis
• S/S
• nasal discharge, clear
• Treatment
• humidification, decongestants, fluids,
  analgesics, ?ATB
• Laryngitis
• S/S - hoarseness, Abnormal voice
• TX- ATB, steroids, humidification, voice rest

6
Laryngectomy

• Removal of larynx with tracheostomy
• Nursing Care
• Risk for aspiration
• Ineffective airway clearance
• Risk for impaired gas exchange
• Altered nutrition less than
• Risk for infection
• Ineffective communication

7
Nasal Surgery

• Nasal polyps
• humidification, mouth care, fluids, semi-Fowlers
  position, ice, no nose blowing, sneeze with open
  mouth
• Nasal septum
• packing, maintain airway, monitor for bleeding,
  same as above

8
Problems of Lower Respiratory Tract

• Pneumonia
• S/S - fever, chills CP, cough, hemoptysis,
  dyspnea, fatigue
• TX - ATB, O2, RT, bronchodilators, rest, fluids
• Nursing Care
• respiratory status, fluids, O2, meds,
  humidification
• HOB, antipyretics, T,C DB, bedrest

9
Pneumonia, contd

• Nursing Care Plan
• Ineffective airway clearance
• Ineffective breathing pattern
• Activity intolerance
• Altered nutrition
• Risk for FVD
• Teach - S/S to report, risk factors, nutrition,
  rest, avoid crowds, flu/pneum vaccine, F/U

10
Chronic Airflow Limitations

• Asthma
• S/S - dyspnea, wheezing - bronchospasm, coughing,
  thick, tenacious secretions
• TX - bronchodilators, steroids, O2, intubation
  and mechanical ventilation
• Nursing Care
• Ineffective breathing pattern
• Ineffective airway clearance
• Impaired gas exchange

11
Emphysema

• S/S - SOB, accessory muscle use, thin, barrel
  chest, tachypnea, prolonged expiration, edema
• TX - bronchodilators, steroids, ATB, O2, RT,
  postural drainage, exercise, smoking cessation,
  nutrition

12
Bronchitis

• S/S - chronic cough, productive cough - lots of
  phlegm, wheezing, SOB w/exertion
• Tx - similar to emphysema
• Nursing Care (both)
• Ineffective airway clearance
• Impaired gas exchange Activity Intolerance
• Risk for infection Altered Nutrition
• Anxiety/Fear Impaired Health Main.

13
Lung Cancer

• S/S
• cough, wheeze, dyspnea, hemoptysis, pain - chest,
  shoulder, arm pleural effusion, pneumonia,
  bronchitis
• DX - sputum for cytology, CXR, CT scan, MRI,
  bronchoscopy
• TX - radiation, chemo, thoracentesis, surgery