Chief Scientist report ARM Science Team Meeting 2006

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Chief Scientist reportARM Science Team Meeting
2006

• ARM Chief Scientist Team

Yangang Liu
Warren Wiscombe
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Chief Scientist (CS) Team needed as job has
become more complex

• Sharon Zuhoski is full-time assistant to Team
• CS is (gt) half-time spends 1 wk/mo at BNL
• Each Team member acts as liaison to one WG or
  Focus Group
• Team furnishes important sounding board for CS
• Site Scientists have been cut loose and CS budget
  reduced accordingly

3
Sampler of ARM successes this past year

• Mobile Facility
• Pt Reyes deployment
• Niger deployment
• Go-ahead for 2nd Mobile Facility
• TWP-ICE
• CLASIC ASP participation, NASA a/c
  instruments
• 3D cloud radiation book
• CLOWD paper --gt BAMS
• New Raman capabilities (but needs follow-up)
• New initiatives toward Big Three climate model
  groups

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3D cloud radiation book

• Alexander Marshak Anthony Davis, eds.
• many ARM co-authors

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ARM Mobile Facility Niger, Africa
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First light image from new 94 GHz AMF radar in
Niger
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TWP-ICE IOP, Darwin, Australia
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C-Pol radar provided continual context in
TWP-ICE a model for our other sites
Courtney Schumacher
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Others want to copy us...
NASA GPM Ground Validation wanted to clone our
data system, build a mobile facility, and
collaborate on a radar with us, but they have
been hit with a two-year delay. NOAA installed a
Eureka facility which looks familiar...
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ARM challenges

• New radar plan volume-scanning radar(s) as a
  new organizing paradigm
• beyond the soda straw the 3D view
• testing Cloud-Resolving Models
• ARM Ergodic Hypothesis
• Cloud optical depth
• BBHRP
• higher altitudes
• measure rad flux divergence profiles
• IPY participation

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Send these enthusiasts back for IPY
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Radiative heating rate profiles derived from ARM
radar and Darwin sondes for entire TWP-ICE period
Sally McFarlane Jim Mather
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Goals for Modeling in ARM
First and foremost... stay the course on (1)
super-paramzn (MMF), and (2) CAPT (CCPP ARM
Parameterization Testbed)
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Increase engagement with Big Three U.S. climate
modeling groups NCAR, GFDL, GISS

• Why these? Because official U.S. reps to IPCC.
• Approach is both grassroots and high-level
• Personal visits from CS and his Team
• Learn their constraints
• their biggest constraint is peoplepower
• Learn what they do
• Dont ask them what they want!
• Get leading climate modelers onto ACRF Board

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Grassroots engagement with Big Three

• Match some ARM Sci Team members with counterparts
  in these groups
• ARM Roadshow for climate modelers
• show what can realistically be expected from ARM
• Allow crosscutting of ARM data (e.g. all SGP
  cloud optical depths when T lt 273K)
• Package ARM data in a form that is directly
  comparable to model fields
• Encourage modelers to propose to ACRF

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Quo vadis parameterizations ?

• ARM needs to stop beating itself up about
  paramaterizn
• Cloud Climate Process Team found that parametzns
  cannot be rushed, or engineered (see Bretherton
  talk on Thu afternoon)
• Parameterizations need an advocate to succeed
• Generally takes years for parameterization to
  become part of IPCC runs
• observations --gt box or column model --gt off-line
  model
• GCM
• battle with other parameterizations (bake-off)

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ICRCCM-1 Web Site

• Rossow (GEWEX Rad Panel) wants to document
  behavior of IPCC climate model radiation packages
  against these results
• Gathering results now Alice Cialella of XDC at
  Brookhaven is creating web site

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Increased emphasis on indirect effect

• Rossow (GEWEX Radiation Panel) suggested this
• ARM aerosol Pis have largely gravitated to this
  problem anyway
• DOE ASP Program spends 10M/yr on aerosol
  research
• ARM needs to focus on its core, clouds and
  radiation

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Goals for ARM Toolset

• outreach move away from the soda straw and
  toward a 3D view of clouds
• small UAVs put a little U back in ARM-UAV!
• grapple more seriously with validating liquid
  water and cloud optical depth

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Ways to routinely outreach beyond the soda straw

• Volume scanning radar (Pavlos Kollias talk, Thu)
• Cessna paradigm, extended
• Small UAVs

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An example of what can be done with a fast
volume-scanning radar
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We need to look at ALL the drop sizes
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ARMs Cessna is a revolutionary paradigm compared
to waiting year(s) for a Cloud IOP

• The aerosol people in ARM invented this idea, and
  I suggest we copy it for clouds
• Would follow ARM philosophy of loooong datasets
  that are statistically significant getting away
  from the Golden Day Syndrome
• Would allow routine calibration of radar
  retrievals once we get our GPS position right
• Would allow us to push the technology on cloud
  instruments esp. on downsizing them

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Small UAVs are catching on

• Ramanathan effort (NSF, NASA)
• stacked UAVs (below, in, above cloud)
• NASA Wallops effort
• put wings on any instrument
• Aerosonde
• Commercial firms who built them for DoD
• People are figuring out how to downsize
  instruments
• My view is that the field is poised for take-off.

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NASA Wallops effort
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In Situ Corps UAV
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For clouds, 1D and 2D probing is dimensionally
challenged
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Goals for ARM Toolset making ARM data less
dimensionally challenged

• CRMs, LESs, etc. have moved to 3D while our
  measts are stuck in 1D and 2D
• Solution 1 scanning (fast!)
• Europeans co-scan cloud radar and passive
  microwave
• NCAR S-pol co-scan cloud and precip radar
• Solution 2 In situ lidar and other multiple
  scattering lidars
• Solution 3 Formations of small UAVs with
  miniaturized cloud physics instruments
• Solution 4 Cloud tomography (Warner, 1980s)

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Scanning in European 4-D Clouds Project2mm
cloud radar and 22channel microwave radiometer
can scan clouds fast, simultaneously
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In situ lidar senses extinction in expanding
spheres around aircraft
curve steepens when light bubble hits edge of
cloud
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Maiden flight of in situ lidar
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In situ lidar for cloud extinction can be fit
into small UAVs
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Tomography samples much larger cloud volumes
Warners 1986 tomography from two surface
microwave radiometers
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Transmission tomography with small UAVs
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Goals for ARM Toolset validating liquid water
and cloud optical depth

• These variables are absolutely central to ARM yet
  we have failed to grapple with their validation
• CLOWD lagging, needs spur
• Expoit new instrument concepts
• cloud tomography
• multiple scattering lidar (including in situ)
• Raman lidar liquid/ice channels
• Stacked small UAVs to measure LWC and extinction
  profiles

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Quo Vadis Radiation?
but now we need 3D volume scanning radar(s) to do
proper initialization of 3D radiation models
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Quo Vadis Radiation?

• Up in altitude, to see bands saturated at ground
• Mauna Loa, other high-altitude places
• Radiative flux divergence
• new instrument for net flux?
• Workshop! (like latent heat profile people)
• miniaturized flux radiometers for small UAVs
• O2 A-band and other spectrometry
• NOT a solved problem. Still nagging
  discrepancies. But not highest priority any more.

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Sunset Committee 12 people

• created to deal with ARM velcro effect, and...
• ... to provide breathing room for new things, and
  keep ARM dynamic and at the forefront
• review instruments, sites, VAPs
• make recommendations to STEC DOE mgt

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In ARM, we think out of the box...
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These folks definitely thought out of box
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ARM let theoreticians do things like...
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... and even be Chief Scientist!Im excited to
be working with such a great program and great
group of people!