Animal Health

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Animal Health
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Animal Health

• Healthy versus non-healthy
• Morbidity sickness
• Mortality death loss

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Disease Terminology

• Infectious - capable of invading, growing in
  living tissues (living organisms)
• Non-infectious - disorder not caused by a living
  host
• Direct cause - exposure or contact with pathogens
• Contagious disease disease capable of being
  transmitted
• Non-contagious disease is nutritional

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Disease Terminology

• Sub-clinical vs. clinical symptoms
• Clinical actually see or measure
• (pneumonia snotty nose, temperature, heavy
  breathing)
• Sub-clinical loss of appetite, lung lesions,
  reduced lung capacity
• Acute disease sharp, quick symptoms
• Overeating death
• Milk fever
• Chronic disease symptoms progress over time,
  may not be noticeable at first
• Off feed, unthrifty

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Infectious Disease

• Causes of Infections
• 1.) Bacteria
• 2.) Viruses
• 3.) Protozoa
• 4.) Parasites
• Internal
• External
• 5.) Fungi
• 6.) Prion

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Infectious Disease

• Bacteria vs. Viruses
• Bacteria - Have Cell Wall
• - Can vaccinate for bacteria
• - Vaccination develops immunity
• - Antibodies attack cell wall
• Viruses - Have no Cell Wall
• - Can NOT vaccinate for a Viruses,
  antibiotics dont work
• - Prevent secondary infections

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Infectious Disease

• Protozoa - Larger than bacteria
• - Single cell organism
• - Need a vector to transmit
• Parasites - Need a host to live
• - Early more sub clinical than clinical
• 1) Internal Worms intestinal and heart
• 2) External Lice, grubs, ticks

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Infectious Disease

• Fungi - Grows externally
• - ie. Lamb fungus Ringworm
• Prion - Protein that has become deformed
• - CJD
• - Mad Cow
• - Chronic wasting in Deer, Elk and sheep

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Infectious Disease

• Four requirements of an infectious disease
• Entrance to host
• Adapt to environment
• Exit host
• Infect another host

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Infectious Disease

• Infectious disease transfer

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Infectious Disease

• Infectious disease transfer
• Ingested
• Nasal
• Blood
• Reproductive disease
• Manure

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WHAT DOES A PULL LOOK LIKE?
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Animal Health

• Detecting unhealthy animals
• 1)
• 2)
• 3)
• 4)
• 5)
• 6)

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Animal Health

• Detecting unhealthy animals
• Depression
• Weakness
• Gauntness
• Nasal discharge
• Cough/breathing
• Feces

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Animal Health

• Detecting unhealthy animals
• Depression

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Animal Health

• Detecting unhealthy animals
• 2) Weakness

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Animal Health

• Detecting unhealthy animals
• 3) Gauntness

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Animal Health

• Detecting unhealthy animals
• 4) Nasal Discharge

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Animal Health

• Detecting unhealthy animals
• 5) Cough / Labored breathing

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Animal Health

• Detecting unhealthy animals
• 6) Feces

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Animal Health

• Diagnosis of diseases process of determining
  the presence of disease (Veterinarians)
• Symptoms
• Deviation from normal
• Necropsy
• Nasal discharge

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Animal Health

• Prevention
• 1) Herd Health Program
• 2) Sanitation
• 3) Proper Nutrition
• 4) Biosecurity
• Source
• Facilities
• Records
• 5) Genetics

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Animal Health

• Disease Resistance
• Immunity ability to resist infection of a
  disease
• Antibodies recognize infectious agents and
  attack them
• produced by the body- spleen, liver, bone marrow
• Passive Immunity passed on
• Active Immunity developed by own animal
• Exposure 1) Disease or 2) Vaccine

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Cattle Diseases

• Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)
• Symptoms
• Severe Diarrhea
• Prevention
• - Vaccine

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Cattle Diseases

• Bovine Respiratory Syncytical Virus (BRSV)
• Symptoms
• Pneumonia
• - Labored breathing
• Prevention
• - Vaccination

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Cattle Diseases

• Nutritional
• - Milk Fever
• Symptoms Muscular weakness, lack of balance
• Prevention - Proper levels of Calcium in diet
• Treatment - Inject Calcium I.V.
• Grass Tetany
• Symptoms Lack of muscle coordination
• Prevention Feed high Magnesium mineral
  during early grazing of lush forages
• Treatment - I.V. injection of Magnesium and
  Calcium

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Sheep Diseases

• - Enterotoxemia
• Symptoms Sudden death
• Cause - Bacteria Toxin causes hemorraging
• Prevention Vaccination for Types C D
• Treatment - None
• Foot Rot
• Symptoms Sore hooves
• Cause - Bacterium in soil
• Prevention Proper sanitation or vaccination
• Treatment - Foot Baths

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Sheep Diseases

• - Scrapie Transmissible Spongiform
  Encephalopathy
• Symptoms Neural disorder affects nervous
  system
• Cause - Prion
• Prevention Genetically linked
• Treatment - None

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Swine Diseases

• - Pseudorabies
• Symptoms Sudden death in baby pigs, Fever
  in mature
• Cause - Viral ( very contagious herpes
  virus)
• Prevention High bio-security

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Swine Diseases

• - Atrophic Rhinitis
• Symptoms eats away lining of nose
• Cause - Bacterial vaccinations
  available
• Prevention High bio-security

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Horse Diseases

• - Colic
• Non-infectious -
• Cause Moldy feeds, drinking to much water
  rapidly,
• Feeds gets compacted in gut
• Symptoms Kicking abdomen, rolling, discomfort
• Treatment Walking, treatment for digestive
  system

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Horse Diseases

• Hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis (HYPP)
  muscular disease that causes tremors and loss of
  function
• Genetic Lines of Quarter Horse, Paints,
  Appaloosas
• West Nile Virus
• First isolated in 1937 in Africa and Asia
• Transmitted by infected birds to Mosquitos to..

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Animal Health

• West Nile Virus in horses
• Ataxia stumbling
• Weakness
• Muscle twitching

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Diseases that affect multiple species

• Johnes Disease (paratuberculosis)
• Affects cattle and sheep
• Caused by bacteria attacks intestinal system
• Symptoms wasting away, rapid loss of weight
• Detection Slow no rapid test, fecal or DNA
• Prevention Under 5mo of age susceptible
• Provide clean environment
  free of manure

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Johnes
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Diseases that affect multiple species

• Tetanus
• Affects man, horses, sheep
• Caused by neural toxin found in soil
• Symptoms loss of muscle function
• Prevention tetanus toxoid

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Diseases that affect multiple species

• White Muscle Disease
• Caused by nutrition deficiency of Selenium
• Symptoms Tightening of muscles, loss of muscle
  function.
• Prevention Balanced mineral program, Vit. E
  injections
• Treatment Vit. E injecitons

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World Diseases

• Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
• Degeneration of central nervous system
• Fatal
• Caused by infectious protein agent Prion
• Symptoms Wasting away

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World Diseases

• Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
• Last know case in US was in 1920s
• Viral infection highly contagious nose to nose
• Cloven footed animals
• Not considered a risk to humans
• Symptoms

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FMD
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World Diseases

• Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
• Spreading of disease
• Direct contact
• Indirect contact
• Vaccination
• Recent outbreaks
• Areas

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