APAG Ch. 5 Assignment 3 Answers

1
APAG Ch. 5 Assignment 3Answers

• Pages 163-175

2

• 1. How did Abigail Adams feel about the new
  Constitution in 1776?

3

• She believed that the protection of women should
  be included.

4

• 2. What was the first political cause in which
  women became involved? Who were the two leaders
  of this involvement?

5

• The slavery abolition movement
• Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

6

• 3. What slowed down the womens movement that was
  started in 1848?

7

• The Civil War. Women put their efforts behind
  the war effort.

8

• 4. What caused the womens suffrage movement to
  split after the Civil War?

9

• The campaign for the passage of the 15th
  Amendment.
• Some wanted sex added to the Amendment while
  others wanted womens suffrage separated from
  African Americans struggle.

10

• 5. Who started the National Woman Suffrage
  Association in 1869? The American Woman Suffrage
  Association? Why were they separate?

11

• Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
  started the National Woman suffrage Association
  in 1869.
• Lucy Stone started The American woman Suffrage
  Association.
• Anthony and Stanton believed that suffrage was a
  means to achieving economic and social
  improvements.

12

• Stone believed that suffrage was the only major
  issue.

13

• 6. When the two organizations united, what was
  their only goal? Were they very successful?

14

• When they united to become the National American
  Woman Suffrage Association the only goal was the
  enfranchisement of women.
• They were not very successful.

15

• 7. What did women have to do before they achieved
  suffrage in 1920 with the passage of the 19th
  Amendment?

16

• Women under the direction of Alice Paul used
  unorthodox methods like parades, hunger
  strikes, arrests, and jailings.

17

• 8. When did these countries give women the right
  to vote
• A) Britain B) Canada C) Germany D) India E)
  Switzerland

18

• Britain in 1918
• Canada in 1918
• Germany in 1919
• India in 1950
• Switzerland in 1971

19

• 9. What organization did Betty Friedan form in
  1966? What was this movement called?

20

• Betty Friedan formed the National Organization of
  Women (NOW) in 1966.

21

• 10. What did the NOW organization hope to
  accomplish? How?

22

• NOW hoped to bring women into full participation
  in the mainstream of American society with a
  Constitutional Amendment---the ERA.

23

• 11. When was the ERA first proposed by Congress?
  How many years did they have to get it ratified?

24

• The ERA was first introduced in Congress in 1923,
  but wasnt proposed for ratification until March
  22, 1972.
• It had to be ratified by three fourths of the
  states within seven years.

25

• 12. Who organized a countermovement to NOW and
  the ERA? What organization did she form? What
  was wrong with her son? How did she feel about
  him?

26

• Republican Phyllis Schlafly and her organization,
  Eagle Forum formed the opposition by using fear
  of gay rights and drafting women into the
  military to kill the ERA.
• Her son came out as gay (along with Ronald
  Reagans son) and she rejected him.

27

• 13. When the ERA failed, where did NOW and
  liberal women turn their efforts to achieve their
  goals? How successful were they? Give examples.

28

• After the failure of the ERA, women turned to the
  courts where they challenged gender
  discrimination as a violation of the 14th
  Amendments equal protection clause.
• They were very successful
• 1977 Court held that police and firefighting
  units cannot establish arbitrary rules, such as
  height and weight requirements to preclude women
  from joining.

29

• 1983 the Court ruled that insurance companies
  could not charge different rates for women and
  men.
• Women have been allowed to serve as combat pilots
  and on naval warships.
• 1966 the State-financed Virginia Military
  Institute had to admit women

30

• 14. What is Emilys List? Who do they support?

31

• Emilys List is a PAC that supports Democratic
  women candidates for congressional offices and
  governorships.

32

• 15. Who was the first woman minority whip in the
  U.S. House of Representatives?

33

• Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi from California.

34

• 16. Who was the first woman to be nominated for
  the vice-presidency?

35

• Geraldine Ferraro, a Democrat in 1984.

36

• 17. Who was the first woman appointee in these
  areas and chose them for the position
• A) Secretary of Labor
• B) Secretary of State
• C) Supreme Court Justice

37

• Sec. of Labor- Frances Perkins by FDR
• Sec. of State- Madeleine Albright by Clinton
• Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor by
  Reagan

38

• 18. Where have women been the most successful in
  gaining political offices?

39

• At the local level- city, county, and school
  boards.

40

• 19. What country considers women property of the
  husband and allows the husband to do whatever he
  wants?

41

• India

42

• 20. What are dowry killings?

43

• Men in India will often kill their wives in order
  to get a bigger dowry from another family.

44

• 21. How did the Taliban government treat women
  before the Taliban was defeated by the Americans?

45

• Women were beaten in the streets, killed in
  public for trivial offenses, and generally
  subjugated to extreme ways.

46

• 22. What does Title VII of the civil Rights Act
  of 1964 prohibit?

47

• It prohibits gender discrimination in the
  employment context and has been used to strike
  down employment policies that discriminate
  against employees on the basis of gender.

48

• 23. What did the Supreme Court rule in United
  Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.
  (1991)?

49

• It ruled that women who are as capable of doing
  their jobs as their male counterparts may not be
  forced to choose between having a child and
  having a job.

50

• 24. How did Congress change Title VII in 1978?

51

• It expanded the definition of gender
  discrimination to include discrimination based on
  pregnancy.

52

• 25. What is sexual harassment?
  Hostile-environment harassment?

53

• Sexual harassment is unwanted physical or verbal
  conduct or abuse of a sexual nature that
  interferes with a recipients job performance,
  creates a hostile environment, or carries with it
  an implicit or explicit threat of adverse
  employment consequences.

54

• Hostile-environment harassment occurs when an
  employee is subjected to sexual conduct or
  comments that interfere with the employees job
  performance or are so pervasive or severe as to
  create an intimidation, hostile, or offensive
  environment.

55

• 26. What did Justice Sandra Day OConnor say
  about sexual harassment?

56

• So long as the environment would reasonably be
  perceived, and is perceived, as hostile or
  abusive, there no need for it also to be
  psychologically injurious.

57

• 27. Since 1998, what has the Supreme Court said
  about employers liability when it comes to
  supervisors?

58

• Employers are liable unless they take steps to
  prevent sexual harassment.

59

• 28. Who will make up the majority of U.S. workers
  by 2010? Will they be paid equally to others?

60

• 29. What is the history of the Equal Pay Act of
  1963? Where did it get its origins? Has it
  been very successful, especially in recent years?

61

• The Equal Pay Act has its origins from World War
  II when the War Labor Board issued an equal pay
  for women policy.
• Its success rate has been mixed over the years.
• In recent years women in executive positions have
  actually lost ground in pay equality with male
  executives.

62

• 30. What is the glass ceiling? Give examples
  of statistics that show women are paid less than
  men.

63

• The glass ceiling is a barrier faced by women
  in the corporate world that is subtle and not
  easily pinpointed.
• Women have to work 16 months to equal the pay
  that men make in 12 months doing the same work.
• In 1963 when the Equal Pay Act was passed, women
  made 59 cents for every dollar that men made
  doing the same work

64

• Today women still only earn 76 cents on every
  dollar that men make doing the same job.
• According to the GAO, female managers in 2002 in
  ten industries made less money relative to male
  managers in 2000 than they did in 1995.

65

• 31. Should there be a new civil rights movement
  today? If we were to start a movement today,
  what would it entail and how would you organize
  it?