Issues in Persian Cataloging

1
Issues in Persian Cataloging

• Romanization Grammatical Signs Hamzah and
  Persian Izafah
• Persian Personal Names
• Importance of Affixes in Persian Cataloging
  

2
Signs Representing Certain Grammatical Structures

• The sign ? a small ? (y) is one of the
  orthographical symbols which exists in Farsi and
  Arabic. The glottal stop in Arabic called Hamzah,
  ?, is identical with the same symbol called
  Izafah in Farsi.

3
Izafahfinal (i) or (yi) preceded by a hyphen

• The state of Izafah occurs when one word is added
  to another in order to complete the meaning of
  the former, called muzaf. The connecting mark of
  Izafah is represented by the vowel ? (zir)
  which appears at the end of the muzaf, but is
  practically never indicated in the script.
• If however the muzaf ends in such letters as
  ??? (a), ? (u) ? (y), and ?(final
  silent h), the mark of Izafah becomes ??
  (-yi).
• F. Tehrani, Chapter 7

4
Izafah GuidelinesLibrary of Congress
Romanization tables recommend

• When the muzaf bears no special mark of Izafah,
  it is followd by i
• When the muzaf is marked by the addition of ?,
  it is followed by i
• When the muzaf is marked by the addition of ?
  it is followed by yi

5
Hamzah or Glottal Stop (? ?)

• Hamzah is used to mark the indefinite article
• It is romanized as ()
• Examples
• In Farsi, the mark for the indefinite article is
  the letter ? (y). When the word to which the
  article is attached ends in silent h, three
  different marks, all representing the same
  values, are employed according to the pleasure of
  calligraphers of manuscripts or printers, or
  there is a complete absence of any mark. These
  are
• F. Tehrani, Chapter 7.

6
Hamzah (? ?) Library of Congress Recommends

• Farideh Tehrani Negligence and Chaos, 1991, p
  127.
• All the above variations of marks are related to
  one grammatical case and therefore, in
  romanization, they should be represented by one
  form, Khanei ziba (a beautiful house).

7
Persian names

• Historical events in Iran have deeply impacted
  the Iranian Names. Under various cultural
  traditions Iranian personal names have changed
  from one of two simple names such as Kaykavus or
  Siyavash to complicated form of names such as Abu
  Majd Majdud ibn Adam Samai or Abu al-Najm pisar-I
  Qaws pisar-I Ahmad Manuchihri Damghani. For this
  reason it is logical to divide Persian names to 3
  Periods of Ancient (Before 652), Middle
  (652-1926) and Modern (1926-)

8
Persian Personal Names

• 3 major periods
• Before 652 or Bastani
• Names made up of one or two elements.
• 652 1926 or Miyanah
• Most complex Persian names (Pahlavi, Persian,
  Arabic, or Religious names)
• 1926 to Present or Mudirn

9
Names Before 652 or Bastani

• Contain one or two elements
• Examples
• One Element Daryush ??????
• Two Elements Mihrdad ??????
• 
  affix
• Compound names Two personal names put together
  without Izafah.
• Example
• Ardeshir Babakan ?????? ??????

10
Names 652 1926 or Miyanah

• Contain up to 7 elements (i.e. title of address,
  forename, genealogy, etc.)
• 2 groups
• Pre-Islamic names (Zoroastrian names)
• Names of Arabic origin (Islamic or Shiah names)
• Distinction does not always hold. Sometimes two
  groups of names combine. Such as Jamshid ibn
  Masud (????? ??? ?????) or Anushiravan ibn Khalid
  (????????? ??? ????)

11

• 7 elements of 625-1926 Period names consist of
• A man may have several unvan, laqab, and nisbat.
  Or even two names, forming a compound.

12
Names 1926 Present or Mudirn

• 1926 onwards, family names were introduced in
  Iran
• The name in the present period consist of two
  parts
• Forename
• Family name
• Example
• Emad Khorasani - ???? ???????
• All unvans are considered absolute, among the few
  exceptions are
• Aqa - ???
• Banu - ????
• Dushizah - ??????
• Khanum - ????
• Sayyid - ????
• Iranian names from 1926 can be treated exactly as
  Western names, taking in to consideration the
  fact that middle names are not in use in Iran.
• Special care has to be taken in dealing with
  compound personal names and also with names with
  suffixes and prefixes that are in most cases
  connected to the previous word and affect the
  transliteration of the names.
• Consult Sharifi, Nasir, Fihrist Kardan Asar-I
  Farsi, 1959.