PSYC 135: General Psychology II

1
PSYC 135General Psychology II

• Dr. Brett A. Steinberg
• Department of Psychology
• Room 172, W.A. Bousfield Hall
• Tel [phone] E-Mail brett.steinberg_at_ucon
  n.edu

2
Specific DevelopmentalStages IIAdolescence
3
Overview of Topic (Dont Copy)

• 1) Introduction
• 2) Typical development
• A) Characteristics of adolescence
• B) Families and parenting styles
• 3) Atypical development
• A) Dyslexia
• B) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

4
Introduction

• Adolescence ? teenage years
• Review of developmental levels
• Cognitive (Piaget) Formal operations
• Psychosocial (Erikson) Identity versus role
  confusion
• Moral (Kohlberg) Conventional or postconventional

5
Characteristics of Adolescence

• 1) Sexual maturation
• Changes in body image
• 2) Cognitive and behavioral changes
• Maturation of frontal lobes
• 3) Develop individual, familial, and ethnic
  identity

6
Characteristics (Cont.)

• 4) More independence and choices, but limited
  experience
• 5) Peers more important as reference group

7
Families

• Recall Lockes tabula rasa
• Five functions
• 1) Companionship and emotional refuge
• 2) Testing ground for behavior
• 3) Sex-role identification
• 4) Values and attitudes
• 5) Family history and cultural identity

8
Families (Cont.)

• Family system (Minuchin, 1974) Relationships
  that are governed by unspoken rules
• Four concepts
• Subsystems (subgroups, e.g. parents)
• Boundaries (emotional separation between
  subsystems)
• Homeostasis (resistance to change)
• Coalitions (ganging up, e.g. mom and son vs.
  dad)

9
Parenting Styles

• Baumrind (1971)
• Authoritarian Do what I say!
• Permissive Do what you want.
• Authoritative Lets discuss it.
• Possible consequences of each style
• Authoritarian Fearful resentful of authority
• Permissive Self-centered low self-confidence
• Authoritative Responsible high self-confidence

10
Dyslexia

• Definition Reading that is worse than expected,
  given age, IQ, and education
• Four problems
• 1) Pronouncing words (e.g. aminal)
• 2) Decoding letters (e.g. d for b)
• 3) Remembering verbal sequences (e.g. addresses)
• 4) Self-esteem and social relationships

11
Dyslexia (Cont.)

• More common in males
• but so is misbehavior
• Cause Difficulty matching sounds to letters
  (phoneme-to-grapheme conversion)
• Treatment Tutoring in phonics

12
ADHD

• Definition Difficulty in focusing attention and
  controlling behavior seen by 7 years
• Four problems
• 1) Organizing
• 2) Following through
• 3) Playing quietly
• 4) Self-esteem and social relationships

13
ADHD (Cont.)

• More common in males
• but so is misbehavior
• Cause Related to function of frontal lobes and
  related areas of brain
• Treatment Medication (e.g. Ritalin) and family
  therapy