Jesus in the Qur

1
Jesus in the Quranand Islamic Tradition

• Presentation by Vernon K. Robbins
• In the menu on the top line, click Slide Show,
  then From Beginning. This will activate this
  Power Point in your computer. You must have
  Windows Media Audio on your computer to hear
  the audio.

Either left click or push the right arrow on your
keyboard to proceed to the instructions on the
next slide.
2

• INSTRUCTIONS
• (1) If your computer has the audio turned on with
  the volume high enough so you hear beeps, etc.,
  you will hear audio as soon as you open a new
  slide. If the audio on your computer is turned
  off, push the audio button to turn it on or get
  someone to help you to get the audio properly
  functioning on your computer. You will not hear
  the audio if you simply downloaded the Power
  Point without the audio clips that are included
  in the folder.
• (2) You may pause audio at any time with a right
  click on the mouse and resume audio with a left
  click (with the arrow outside the menu box that
  appears).
• (3) A few slides include a statement No Audio
  to let you know they have been included only for
  you to read what is on the slide. There is no
  audio with such slides.
• (4) When the audio on a slide is completed, left
  click once, or perhaps twice, (or right arrow
  once or twice) to proceed to the next slide.
• (5) You can always go back to a previous slide
  and audio by pushing the left arrow two or more
  times on your keyboard.
• (6) Left click (or right arrow) to the next slide
  right now. When the slide opens, audio will
  begin and you can experiment with turning audio
  on and off.
• TO MAKE A COPY OF THESE INSTRUCTIONS, PUSH THE
  ESC KEY, CLICK FILE/PRINT AND PRINT PAGES 2-3.

3

• Practicing How to Turn Audio On and Off
• (1) You should be hearing audio right now. Right
  click to stop the audio. Then left click (with
  arrow outside the menu box) to start it again.
• (2) Try it again! Right click to stop the audio.
  Then left click (with arrow outside the menu box)
  to start it again.
• Going Back to Hear Audio Again
• (1) Push the left arrow until you go back to the
  previous slide, then left click (or right arrow)
  to come back here again.
• (2) When you are here the second time, left click
  (or right arrow) once or twice to proceed to the
  next slide and audio.

4
Jesus in the Quranand Islamic Tradition

• Presentation by Vernon K. Robbins

5
Basic Information

• 570 AD Muhammads birth
• Place Mecca, Saudi Arabia
• Learned trading from Uncle Abu Talib
• 595 AD Married Khadijah rich widow
• Took a month retreat yearly near Mt. Hira
• 610 AD First revelation of Quran
• 40 yrs old month retreat Ramadan
• 622 AD Hijrah from Mecca to Yathrib/Medina
• Islamic State and Constitution
• 632 AD Death of Muhammad

6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
Earliest Revelation 961-5

• In the name of thy Lord who created.
• Created man from a clot.
• And thy Lord is the Most Bounteous,
• Who taught by the pen,
• Taught man that which he knew not.

9
Jewsin Muhammads Life

• Jews were present in Mecca, before Muhammad went
  to Medina.
• Many Jewish tribes were present at Medina.
• Some Jewish tribes of Medina opposed Muhammad.
• In the Constitution of Medina, Jews were included
  in Muhammads community as long as they
  contributed to the welfare of the community.

10
Christiansin Muhammads Life

• While a young man traveling as a trader, Muhammad
  had conversations with Christian monks and
  hermits.
• Muhammads wife Khadijah had a cousin Waraqa, who
  became a Christian and influenced Muhammad.
• Christians are mentioned in Quran revelations
  only after Muhammad moved to Medina.
• In the Constitution of Medina, Christians were
  included alongside Jews as people who receive
  protection if they were peaceful with Muhammads
  community.

11
Jesusin the Quran

• Jesus (Isa) 25 times in the Quran
• Q 287 And verily We gave unto Moses the
  Scripture and We caused a train of messengers to
  follow after him,
• and We gave unto Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs
  (of Gods sovereignty), and We supported him with
  the Holy Spirit.

12
Jesus among the Prophets in the Quran

• Q 2136 Say (O Muslims) We believe in God and
  what is revealed unto us and what was revealed
  unto Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob,
  and the tribes,
• and what Moses and Jesus received, and what the
  prophets received from their Lord.
• We make no distinction between any of them, and
  unto Him we have surrendered.

13
The Ancestors of Jesusin the New Testament

• Pauls Letter to the Romans 13-4
• Jesus Christ
• Descended from David according to the flesh
• Declared to be Son of God with power
  according to the spirit of holiness by
  resurrection from the dead

14
Family Genealogies in the New Testament

• Gospel of Matthew 1
• Gospel of Luke 3

15
The Ancestors of Jesusin Gospel of Matthew 11-17

• Abraham (Jesus is Son of Abraham)
• to
• David (Jesus is Son of David)
• through
• Joseph, Son of David (Matt 120)
• Mary has no family line in Matthew!

16
The Ancestors of Jesusin Gospel of Luke 323-38

• Adam, son of God
• (Jesus is Son of God Luke 322 43, 9)
• Abraham
• David (Jesus is Son of David)
• Luke 132 1838-39
• Joseph, father of Jesus, as was supposed
  Luke 323

17
Information about Jesus in the Quran

• The Quran has no information from the Gospel of
  Matthew.
• Jesus information in the Quran is related to the
  Gospels of Luke and John only.
• Only Luke has Zechariah and Elizabeth, parents of
  John the Baptist, whom the Quran knows.

18
Angel Gabriel and Jesus in the Quran

• In Luke, the angel Gabriel comes and speaks first
  to Zechariah in the temple and second to Mary at
  her home.
• From a Muslim perspective, when the angel Gabriel
  brought Gods words to Zechariah and Mary, these
  were Quranic moments in history.

19
Gabriel recites Gods wordsto Special People
throughout History

• Six hundred years later, the same Gabriel brought
  words of God to Muhammad.
• These words are Quran (the recitation
  al-Quran of Gods words).
• There are 114 chapters of Gods words to Muhammad
  in the Quran, revealed by angels (most often
  Gabriel).

20
Mary and Her Familyin the Quran

• Chapter 19 in the Quran has the title Mary.
• It focuses on Mary, the mother of Jesus.
• Chapter 3 in the Quran has the title Family of
  Imran.
• In Muslim tradition, Imran is the father of Mary.
• The name Imran is the Arabic of Amram, the
  name of the father of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam
  (Maryam or Mary) in the Old Testament.

21
Mary, Mother of Jesus,in the Quran

• Marys name occurs 34 times in the Quran
• Marys name occurs 19 times in the New Testament
  (fewer than the Quran)
• Reason 21 of the 25 times in the Quran Jesus is
  called Jesus son of Mary
• Mary is the only named woman in the Quran.
  Seven others are wife of e.g., Noah.

22
The Quran also knowsthe Infancy Gospel of James
(200 AD Christian Gospel)

• Extends Luke before the birth of John the Baptist
  back to the birth of Mary to Anna.
• As a child, Mary is kept in a holy bedroom like a
  small place of worship.
• Mary is placed in the Jerusalem Temple at age
  three (like Samuel) to be kept holy.

23
Infancy Gospel of James cont.

• In Infancy James, Zechariah the father of John
  the Baptist is High Priest of the Temple when
  Mary is there.
• Mary is taken out of the Temple at age 12 so she
  will not pollute it with her blood flow.
• Mary is assigned to Joseph who already has sons
  (James, Joses, Jude).

24
The Quran never refersto Joseph, husband of
Mary

• The Quran never refers to New Testament Joseph
  (only Old Testament Joseph Q 12).
• Therefore, in the Quran Jesus is never son of
  Joseph.
• Jesus is only son of Mary in the Quran.

25
God said, Be, to Create both Adam and Jesus

• 359 Lo! the likeness of Jesus with God is as
  the likeness of Adam.
• He created him out of dust, then God said to him
  Be! and he is.

26
The Angels gave Gods word to Mary, and it was
Jesus!

• 345 And remember when the angels said O Mary!
  Lo! God gives you glad tidings of a word from
  him, whose name is the Messiah, Jesus, son of
  Mary,
• illustrious in the world and the Hereafter, and
  one of those brought near to God.

27
In the Quran Gods word in Mary is Jesus

• Notice the relation of the Gospel of John, In
  the beginning was the Word,
• and the Gospel of Luke, where Mary says to the
  angel, Let it be with me according to your word
  (Luke 138).

28
Who is Mary in the Quran?

• Q 6612 And Mary daughter of Imran (Amram),
  whose body was chaste, therefore We breathed into
  her something of Our Spirit. And she put faith
  in the words of her Lord and His scriptures, and
  was of the obedient.

29
Who is Mary in the Quran?

• Q 1928 O Mary, sister of Aaron! Your father
  was not a wicked man nor was your mother a
  harlot.
• Mary is holy, of the family of Moses, Aaron the
  priest, and Maryam their sister.

30
Mary, Mother of Jesus,in Gospel of Luke

• Mary is a relative of Elizabeth, Zechariahs wife
• (Luke 136)
• Elizabeth is a daughter of Aaron (Luke 15)
• Moses appointed his brother Aaron and his sons as
  priests (Exodus 281)

31
The Name Mary, Mother of Jesus

• Moses and Aaron have a sister named Miriam
• Miriam, Mariam, and Maryam are the same name in
  Hebrew and Greek
• Marys name (Maryam) is a family name of Moses
  and Aaron
• Amram is the father of Moses, Aaron, and Maryam
  in the Old Testament (Num 2659)

32
Mary, Mother of Jesus,in Gospel of Luke

• Zechariah, Elizabeths husband,
• is of the family of priest Abijah (Luke 15),
• grandson of Aaron
• Marys relatives have a priestly ancestry
• through Aaron
• Mary has priestly blood-line from Aaron
• Mary is holy

33
Gospels of Luke and JohnBlend together in the
Quran

• In the Quran, Jesus as the Word in the Gospel
  of John
• and Jesus as the word of glad tidings in the
  Gospel of Luke, which Gabriel brings to Mary,
  blend together.
• Gabriel brought the word Be from God to Mary,
  and Jesus was in the womb of Mary to be born in
  the world.

34
Jesusin the Quran

• In the Quran, Jesus is the Word from God that
  came to Mary, mother of Jesus.
• The word of God to Mary was Gospel (Injil in
  Arabic Evangel).
• In the Quran, Jesus alone of all
  Prophet/Messengers heals and raises the dead.

35
Jesus Heals and Raises Deadin the Quran (cf.
Luke)
Al-Imran 349 Luke 7 22 (Matt 114)
I heal him who was born blind, and the leper, and I raise the dead, with Gods permission. Jesus answered them, "Go and tell John the things which you have seen and heard that the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have good news preached to them.
36
Jesus Plays Creationas a 5 year old Boy
Al-Imran 349 Infancy Gospel of Thomas 2
And will make him a messenger unto the Children of Israel, (saying) Lo! I come unto you with a sign from your Lord. Lo! I fashion for you out of clay the likeness of a bird, and I breathe into it and it is a bird, with Gods permission. Again, he took of the clay which came of that pool and made from it twelve sparrows Joseph his father said to him Why have you done this which is not right to do on the Sabbath? But Jesus opened his hands and commanded the sparrows, saying, Go forth into the sky and fly. You shall not meet death at any mans hands. And they flew and began to call out and praise Almighty God.

37
Compare Gospel of John with Infancy Thomas and
the Quran

• In John, the Word (Jesus) causes all things to
  come into being through him,
• and what came into being through him was life
  (John 13-4).
• In Infancy Gospel of Thomas and Quran, Jesus as
  a five year old boy causes birds to come into
  being and have life.

38
In the QuranJesus Speaks from the Cradle
Al-Imran 346 Arabic Infancy Gospel 1
He will speak unto mankind in his cradle and in his manhood. Jesus spoke, and, indeed, when He was lying in His cradle said to Mary His mother I am Jesus, the Son of God, the Logos John 1, whom thou hast brought forth, as the Angel Gabriel announced to thee Luke 1 and my Father has sent me for the salvation of the world.

39
Jesus Speaks from the Cradle

• We should expect, should we not, that the Word
  would be able to speak as soon as he was born?
• Once again, the Word from the Gospel of John
  blends with the word Gabriel brought to Mary in
  the Gospel of Luke.

40
The Gospel of Johnand the Quran

• In addition to Jesus as the Messenger Word of
  the Gospel in the Quran, various verses in
  Quran have a relation to the Gospel of John.
• John 17 (Jesus High Priestly Prayer) has an
  important relation to the final verses of Chapter
  5 in the Quran.

41
Quran 5116 John 1033
And when God said O Jesus, son of Mary! Did you say to mankind Take me and my mother for two gods beside God? The Jews answered, It is not for a good work that we are going to stone you, but for blasphemy, because you, though only a human being, are making yourself God.
42
Quran 5116 Jesus said Be glorified! John 171, 4 Jesus looked up to heaven and said, Father, the hour has come, glorify your Son, that your Son also may glorify you. I glorified you on earth by finishing the work that you gave me to do.
43
Quran 5116 It was not mine to utter that to which I had no right. If I used to say it, then you know it. John 177-8 They know that everything you have given me is from you for the words you gave to me I have given to them.
44
Quran 5116 You know what is in my mind, and I do not know what is in your Mind. Lo! you, only you, are the Knower of Things Hidden. John 1725-26 Righteous Father, the world does not know you, but I know you and these know that you have sent me. I made your name known to them, and I will make it known, so that the love with which you have loved me may be in them, and I in them.
45
Quran 5117 I spoke to them only that which you commanded to me, Worship God, my Lord and your Lord. John 178, 3 The words you gave to me I have given to them. And this is eternal life, that they may know you, the only true God.
46
Quran 5117 I was a witness of them while I dwelt among them. John 1712 While I was with them, I protected them in your name that you have given me. I guarded them, and not one of them was lost except the one destined to be lost, so that the scripture might be fulfilled.
47
Quran 5117 And when you took me you were the Watcher over them. John 1711, 15 And now I am no longer in the world, but they are in the world, and I am coming to you. Holy Father, protect them in your name that you have given me, so that they may be one, as we are one I am not asking you to take them out of the world, but I ask you to protect them from the evil one.
48
Quran 5117 You are Witness over all things. John 537 818 The Father who sent me has himself witnessed on my behalf. I witness on my own behalf, and the Father who sent me witnesses on my behalf.
49
Quran 5118 If you punish them, lo! they are your slaves, and if you forgive them (lo! they are your slaves). Lo! you, only you, are the Mighty, the Wise. (NO AUDIO) John 156-7 Whoever does not abide in me is thrown away like a branch and withers such branches are gathered, thrown into the fire, and burned. If you abide in me, and my words abide in you, ask for whatever you wish, and it will be done for you.
50
Quran 5119 God said This is a day in which their truthfulness profits the truthful. John 1717 Sanctify them through your truth your word is truth.
51
Quran 5119 Theirs are Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they are secure for ever. John 155 414 I am the vine, you are the branches. Those who abide in me and I in them bear much fruit, because apart from me you can do nothing. The water that I will give will become in them a spring of water gushing up to eternal life.
52
Quran 5119 God taking pleasure in them and they in Him. That is the great triumph. John 1713 But now I am coming to you, and I speak these things in the world so that they may have my joy made complete in themselves.
53
Acts of John 95

• And when he was hung upon the cross on Friday, at
  the sixth hour of the day there came a darkness
  over the whole earth.
• And my Lord stood in the middle of the cave and
  gave light to it and said, "John, for the people
  below in Jerusalem I am being crucified and
  pierced with lances and reeds and given vinegar
  and gall to drink.
• But to you I am speaking, and listen to what I
  speak I suffered none of the things they will
  say of me

54
Quran 4157-158 Acts of John 95 Acts of John 95
And because of their saying We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so to them But God took him up to Himself. God was ever Mighty, Wise. And because of their saying We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so to them But God took him up to Himself. God was ever Mighty, Wise. I am not the man who is upon that cross. I whom now you do not see but only hear my voice Therefore ignore the many and despise those who are outside of the mystery for you must know that I am wholly with the Father, and the Father with me. I have suffered none of those things which they will say of me... I will that it be called a mystery What I am is known to me alone, and no one else.
55
Jesus Stories in Islamic Tradition

• The Muslim Jesus Sayings and Stories in Islamic
  Literature. Edited and translated by Tarif
  Khalidi (Cambridge Harvard University Press,
  2001).
• Contains 303 stories and sayings focused on Jesus.

56
Khalidi 38 (p. 74) Whenever the Hour was mentioned, Jesus used to cry out in anguish like a woman. John 1621 When a woman is in labor, she has pain, because her hour has come. But when her child is born, she no longer remembers the anguish because of the joy of having brought a human being into the world.
57
Khalidi 39 (p. 39) Jesus met John and said to him, Admonish me. John said, Avoid feeling anger. Jesus said, This I cannot do. Khalidi 39 (p. 39) Jesus met John and said to him, Admonish me. John said, Avoid feeling anger. Jesus said, This I cannot do. Luke 1249 only Jesus said, I came to bring fire to the earth, and how I wish it were already kindled!
John said, Do not own any wealth. Jesus said, As for this it is possible. Luke 958 (Matt 820) And Jesus said to him, Foxes have holes, and birds of the air have nests but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head. Luke 958 (Matt 820) And Jesus said to him, Foxes have holes, and birds of the air have nests but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head.
58
Both The Quran and The Muslim Jesus contain
additional stories and sayings focused on Jesus,
which are not in this Power Point presentation.
But these have been shown so that you may
understand the nature of Jesus in the Quran and
Islamic tradition, and that through this
understanding you may lead a better life in this
world.
59
Thats all! Many thanks for your close
attention! (NO AUDIO)
60
Khalidi 4 (p. 53) Jesus said, If it is a day of fasting for one of you, let him anoint his head and beard and wipe his lips so that people will not know he is fasting. If he gives with the right hand, let him hide this from his left hand. If he prays, let him pull down the door curtain, for God apportions praise as He apportions livelihood. Matt 62-3 only 2So whenever you give alms, do not sound a trumpet before you, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, so that they may be praised by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward. 3But when you give alms, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, 4so that your alms may be done in secret and your Father who sees in secret will reward you. (NO AUDIO)