Certification and Partnerships

1
Certification and Partnerships

• The Privatization of Global Governance

2
Certification

• A process of establishing a set of rules,
  principles, guidelines, reporting, monitoring
  mechanism against which processes are products
  are compared and certified
• First-party certification
• Second party certification
• Third party certification

3
ISO1400 series

• Established by the International Standardization
  Organization (ISO) and business entities
• Implemented through business associations
• Establishes standards for environmental
  management (EMS) within enterprises such as waste
  minimization, eco efficiency, etc.
• Members encouraged to apply standard to the
  entire chain of production

4
Equal Exchange

• Fair trade certification of the Fair Trade
  Labeling Organization International (FLO)
• Organic certification
• Shade grown coffee
• Good Coffee, Good Business

5

• 538 forest management companies certified (116 US
  and Canada)
• Cover 42,783,216 hectares in 60 countries
• Product with FSC logo
• In Home Depot, Lowes Home Improvement , Kinkos

6

• Why do we see increasing number of international
  certification schemes?

7
Public-Private Partnerships

• Rules, norms, and practices agreed and
  implemented collaboratively by state and
  non-state actors
• Focus on narrowly defined policy issues
• Legally non-binding
• Do not seek universal participation
• Combine resources of different partners (states,
  advocacy organizations, private companies, and
  IOs)

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Partnership Examples

• ARPA
• Johannesburg Type II outcomes
• World Commission on Dams
• Global Compact
• Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations
• GEF Small Grants Program
• Partnership for Article 10 on Access to
  Information

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Incentives to demand and supply partnerships

• Political demand
• Governance gaps
• Transnational NGOs
• Transnational business
• Political supply
• Strong states project power and interests
• Weak states leverage resources, but cautious
• IGO secretariats resources, deflect pressure

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Geographic Patterns of Johannesburg Partnerships