Aims of the Course

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Aims of the Course

• a. Vocabulary
• b. Paraphrase
• c. Structure
• d. Style
• e. Rhetoric

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Lesson one
THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR
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Objectives of Teaching

• To comprehend the whole text
• To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions
• To learn to paraphrase the difficult sentences
• To understand the structure of the text
• To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the
  passage.

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Important and difficult points

• 1. The comprehension and appreciation of the
  words describing sound, colour, light, heat, size
  and smell.
• 2. The appreciation of the words and expressions
  used for stress and exaggeration.
• 3. Some useful expressions such as to make a
  point of, it is a point of honour, and etc.

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Writing Style

• A description is painting a picture in words of a
  person, place, object, or scene. 
• a description is generally developed through
  sensory details, or the impressions of ones
  senses --- sight, hearing, taste, smell and
  touch. The writer chooses those that help to
  bring out the dominant characteristic of the
  person or thing described. 

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 1. Middle East Southeast Asia and Northeast
  Africa, including the Near East and Iran and
  Afghanistan.
• image-1 (????)
• image-2(????, flash)
• The Middle Eastern bazaar reminds you of things
  hundreds --- even thousands--- of years ago.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• Personification an act of personifying sth. that
  is without life
• Hyperbole overstate or exaggerate sth. in order
  to make it sound bigger, smaller, better, worse,
  etc. than it really is

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 2. particular special, single and different from
  others.
• The teacher took particular (special) notice of
  me.
• On this particular (single) day we had to be at
  school early.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 3. Gothic-arched a type of architecture
• Goth one of the German tribes 
• arch a curved top sometimes with a central
  point resting on 2 supports as above a door.
  image-3(???)

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(No Transcript)
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Detailed Study of the Text

• aged
• a. d ( ???????)
• My son is aged 10.
• a middle aged couple
• b. id ancient
• He is aged.
• her aged grandfather
• Medicare for the sick aged

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 4. glare shining intensely, uncomfortably, and
  too strong in a way unpleasant to the eyes 
• 5. cavern a large deep cave, closed roofed
  place.
• Here in the text we can see that it is a long,
  narrow, dark street of workshops and stores with
  some sort of roof over them.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 6. losing itself in the shadowy distance In the
  farthest distance everything becomes obscure,
  unclear, only dimly visible in the dark
  surroundings. 
• shadow darkness where direct light, esp.
  sunlight, is blocked by sth.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• shadowy hard to see or know about clearly, not
  distinct, dim
• 7. harmony musical notes combined together in a
  pleasant sounding way
• harmoniously in a pleasant and peaceful way

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Detailed Study of the Text

• tinkle to make a light metallic sound
• The rain tinkled on the metal roof.
• to tinkle coins together

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 8. throng large crowd of people, a crowd of
  people busy doing sth.  
• Throng varies so little in meaning from crowd
  that the two words are often used interchangeably
  without loss.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• Throng sometimes carries the stronger implication
  of movement and of pushing and the weaker
  implication of density.
• The pre-Xmas sale attracted a throng of shoppers.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 10. roadway
• a. central part used by cars, the middle part of
  a road where cars drive
• b. a narrow piece of land over which a road
  passes

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 11. narrow make or become narrow
• In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her
  eyes.
• The river narrows at this point.
• 12. stall BrE. a table or small open-fronted
  shop in a public place, sth. not permanent, often
  can be put together and taken away, on which
  wares are set up for sale.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 13. din loud, confused, continuous noise. The
  word often suggests unpleasant, disordered
  mixture of confusing and disturbing sounds.
• The din in the theatre stopped when the curtain
  was raised.
• the din of the cheerful crowd

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 14. wares (always-pl.) articles offered for sale,
  usu. not in a shop.
• to advertise / hawk / peddle one's wares
• 15. would-be likely, possible, which one wishes
  to be but is not
• a would-be musician / football player
• her would-be husband

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 17. bargain to talk about the condition of a
  sale, agreement, or contract
• 18. dizzy feeling as if everything were turning
  round
• The two-day journey on the bus makes me dizzy.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 19. penetrate to enter, pass, cut, or force a
  way into or through.
• The bullet can penetrate a wall.
• Rainwater has penetrated through the roof of my
  house.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 20. fade to lose strength, colour, freshness,
  etc.
• fade away go slowly out of hearing, gradually
  disappearing
• The light faded as the sun went down.
• The sound of the footsteps faded away.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• The farther you push / force your way into the
  bazaar, the lower and softer the noise becomes
  until finally it disappears. Then you arrive at
  the cloth market where the sound is hardly
  audible.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 21. mute
• verb to reduce the sound of, to make a sound
  softer than usual
• to mute a musical instrument
• Here in the text the word "muted" is used to
  suggest the compelling circumstances, forcing you
  to lower your sound.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 22. beaten (of a path, track, etc.) that is
  given shape by the feet of those who pass along
  it, suggesting ancientness, timelessness.
• The path becomes flat because of the walking of
  countless people through thousands of years.
• We followed a well-beaten path through the
  forest.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 23. deaden to cause to lose strength, force,
  feeling, and brightness
• Two of these pills will deaden the pain.
• 24. vaulted in the form of a vault --- a series
  of arches built to form a roof
• 25. measured carefully controlled

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 26. overwhelm overcome, control completely and
  usu. suddenly
• Sorrow overwhelmed the family.
• She was overwhelmed with grief.
• They won an overwhelming victory / majority.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 27. sepulchral related to grave, gloomy, dismal
• sepulchre old and bibl. use, a burial place a
  tomb

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 28. follow suit to do the same as someone else
  has done, to play / to deal the cards of the
  same suits?
• A set of cards consists of 4 suits.They are
  hearts, diamonds, spades and clubs. In poker, if
  someone deals a spade, you follow suit.
• When the others went swimming, I followed suit.
• He went to bed and I followed suit after a few
  minutes.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 29. peculiarity a special feature that is
  different from normal or usual, strangeness.
• One of his peculiarities is that his two eyes are
  not of the same colour.
• The large fantail is a peculiarity of the
  peacock.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 30. deal in sell and buy, trade in
• This merchant deals in silk goods.
• Most foreign trading companies in West Africa
  deal in rubber, cocoa and vegetable oils.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 31. scatter to cause (a group) to separate
  widely, to spread widely in all directions as if
  by throwing
• Hearing the explosion, the frightened people
  scattered about in all directions.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• One of the special features / characteristics of
  the M.E. bazaar is that shopkeepers in the same
  trade always gather together in the same place to
  do their business.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 32. knit to make things to wear by uniting
  threads into a kind of close network.
• Here, to unite or join closely
• 33. guild / gild an association for businessmen
  or skilled workers who joined together in former
  times to help one another

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 34. persecution cruel treatment
• persecute to treat cruelly, cause to suffer,
  esp. for religious or political beliefs
• Many intellectuals were persecuted in the
  Cultural Revolution.
• be persecuted by sb. for sth.
• suffer from political / religious persecution

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 35. line form rows along  
• 36. trestle wooden beam fixed at each end to a
  pair of spreading legs, used, usu. in pairs, as a
  removable support of a table or other flat
  surface.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 37. order of the day the characteristic or
  dominant feather or activity, the prevailing
  state of things
• If sth. is the order of the day, it is very
  common among a particular group of people

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Detailed Study of the Text

• Learning English is now the order of the day in
  China.
• Jeans and mini-skirts are no longer the order of
  the day now.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 38. veil covering of fine net or other material
  to protect or hide a woman's face
• 39. leisure time free from work, having plenty
  of free time, not in a hurry to do sth. 
• 40. pace rate or speed in walking, marching,
  running or developing

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 41. preliminary coming before sth., introducing
  or preparing for sth. more important, preparatory
• There were several preliminary meetings before
  the general assembly.
• A physical examination is a preliminary to
  joining the army.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 42. beat down
• to reduce by argument or other influence, to
  persuade sb. to reduce a price
• The man asked 50 for the dress, but I beat him
  down to 35.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 43. a point of honour sth. considered
  important for one's self-respect
• It's a point of honour with me to keep my
  promise I made it a point of honour to keep my
  promise.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• In our country, it is a point of honour with a
  boy to pay the bill when he is dining with a girl
  / when he dines a girl but on the other hand, a
  western girl would regard it a point of honour
  (with her) to pay the bill herself.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 44. make a point of / make it a point to do sth
  because one considers it important or necessary,
  to take particular care of, make extraordinary
  efforts in, regard or treat as necessary
• I always make a point of checking that all the
  windows are shut before I go out.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• I always made a point of being on time.
• I always make a point of remembering my wife's
  birthday.
• He made a point of thanking his hostess before
  he left the party.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 45. what it is used to stress
• What is it she really likes?
• What is it you do?
• What is it you really want?
• 46. protest to express one's disagreement,
  feeling of unfairness
• Here insist firmly

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 47. deprive of take away from
• The judge deprived him of his political rights.
• The accident deprived him of his sight / hearing.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 48. sacrifice to give up or lose, esp. for some
  good purpose or belief
• The ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or calves
  before engaging in a battle.
• (infml) to sell sth. at less than its cost or
  value
• I need the money and I have to sacrifice (on the
  price of) my car.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 49. regard respect
• Regard is colourless and formal. It usu. requires
  a modifier to reinforce its meaning
• I hold her in high / low / the greatest regard.
• to have a high / low regard for sb's opinion.
• Steve was not highly regarded in his hometown.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 50. the customer coming and going at intervals.
• at intervals happening regularly after equal
  periods of time
• Trains leave at short intervals.
• The trees were planted beside the road at
  50-meters intervals.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 51. picturesque charming or interesting enough
  to be made into a picture, striking, vivid
• 52. -smith a worker in metal, a maker
• copper- / gold- / tin- / black- / gun-smith

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 53. bang to hit violently, to make a loud noise
• The door banged open / shut.
• He banged the window shut.
• a noisy, usu. metallic sound of collision,
  swords clash
• The dustbins clashed as the men emptied them.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 54. impinge on (upon) to have influence on,
  (Here to strike)
• The strong light impinges on his eyes.
• The noise of the aeroplane overhead impinged on
  our ears.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 55. distinct clearly seen, heard, understood,
  etc.
• Anything clearly noticed is distinct.
• There is a distinct smell of cigarette smoke in
  this room.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 56. round to go round
• Please round your lips to say "oo".
• Stones rounded by the action of water are called
  cobbles.
• 57. burnish to polish, esp. metal, usu. with
  sth. hard and smooth, to make smooth and shiny

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 58. brazier open metal framework like a basket,
  usu. on legs, for holding a charcoal or coal fire
  (see picture in ALD)
• image-4 (????brazier??,?ALD?????)
• 60. incredible too strange to be believed,
  unbelievable

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Detailed Study of the Text

• credible deserving or worthy of belief,
  trustworthy
• Is the witness's story credible?
• 61. hammer away at
• away continuously, constantly
• He was laughing away all afternoon.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 62. vessel a round container, such as a glass, a
  pot, or a bottle, used for holding liquids
• 63. bellows an instrument for blowing air into a
  fire to make it burn quickly
• image-5 (???????)

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 64. the red of the live
• The light of the burning coal becomes alternately
  bright and dim (by turns, one follows the other)
  as the charcoal burns and dies down, burns
  again, along with the repeated movements of the
  bellows.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 65. glow send out brightness or warmth, heat or
  light without flame or smoke
• When you draw a deep mouthful, the cigarette tip
  glows.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 66. rhythmically happening at regular periods of
  time, alternately by turns, at intervals
• 67. stroke single movement, which is repeated
  (esp. in a sport or game)
• She can't swim but has made a few strokes with
  her arms.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 68. engrave to cut (words, pictures, etc.) on
  wood, stone, or metal
• The terrible memory was engraved on his mind.
• 69. delicate finely made and easily broken
• as delicate as silk
• the delicate skin of a baby
• delicate feelings

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 70. intricate containing many detailed parts and
  thus difficult to understand.
• 71. functional completely and exactly of
  practical use. Not ornamental, without many
  decorations
• a multi-functional machine

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 72. profusion plenty, great or too great amount,
  abundance
• to make promises in profusion
• Seldom have I seen food and drink served in such
  profusion.
• 73. rich (of colour) deep, strong, beautiful

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 74. texture the arrangement of the threads in a
  textile fabric
• a carpet of loose / firm texture
• 75. bold clearly formed, strongly formed
• words printed in bold type / printed in bold
  letters

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 76. pungent (often neg.) having a strong, sharp,
  stinging, burning taste or smell
• Onions and garlic give out pungent smell.
• 77. exotic (always positive, sth. pleasing) not
  native to the place where found, strikingly or
  excitingly different or unusual
• The smell and taste of kebab is exotic.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 78. sumptuous costly, rich, showing great value
• A sumptuous meal was served to the visiting
  guests.
• The king wore sumptuous robes.
• 79. humble (of things) poor
• Here, cheap

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 80. pottery earthenware
• 81. maze a confusing intricate network of
  passages
• a system of twisted passages which is very
  difficult to pass through

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 82. honeycomb A honeycomb is a wax structure
  made by bees, which contains lots of six-sided
  holes where they store the honey that they make
• v. to fill with holes, tunnels, hollow passages
  like a honeycomb

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Detailed Study of the Text

• The streets cut the bazaar from all directions
  and lead towards all directions
• The streets cut the bazaar into many small
  sections, thus making it like a honeycomb.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 83. glimpse a quick, incomplete look of sth. out
  of the corner of one's eye
• Commonly glimpse means a brief view of a thing
• get a glimpse of
• You can get a glimpse of the tower when you drive
  past the square.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 84. mosque Moslem temple or place of worship
  (where there are wells, fountains, and space for
  assemble)

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 85. caravanserai
• an inn surrounding a court in eastern
  countries where caravans rest at night
• caravan a company of travellers on a journey
  through deserts of hostile regions

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 86. disdainful contemptuous, showing lack of
  respect, regard sb. or sth. as low and worthless
• Here, arrogant, in a superior manner, suggesting
  that the camels are all stately, strong, heads
  holding high

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 87. bale large bundle of goods
• A Bale is a large bundle of goods bound up for
  storage or transportation and esp. one composed
  of materials (as hay, straw, cotton or wool)
  which are closely pressed together so as to form
  a mass, usu. tightly bound with cord or wire

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 89. merchandise (fml) things that you buy, sell
  or trade with
• 90. vast, sombre cavern of a room
• sombre dark-coloured, gloomy, dismal, solemn,
  very serious atmosphere
• When sb. dies, there is a sombre mood.
• She was dressed in sombre black for the funeral.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• cavern of a room
• her tyrant of a father
• a palace of a house
• Before him stood a little shrimp of a fellow.

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(No Transcript)
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Detailed Study of the Text

• 91. revolve to (cause to) spin round (on a
  central point), to go around in a circle
• a revolving door / stage

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Detailed Study of the Text

• cf turn, revolve, rotate, spin, and circle
• Turn is a general, rather colourless word
  implying movement in circle after circle, or in a
  single full circle or through an arc of a circle
• a wheel turning on its axle
• He turned to speak to his friend.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• Revolve may suggest regular circular motion on an
  orbit around sth. outside to it.
• The earth revolves around the sun.
• Rotate is likely to suggest a circular motion on
  an interior axis (the imaginary axle)
• The earth rotates on its axis while it revolves
  in its orbit.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• Spin implies rapid, sustained, continuous,
  constant rotation on an inner axis or fast
  circling around an exterior point
• a wheel spinning on its axle
• The dancer spun on her toes.
• To spin strands of cotton or wool, etc, is to
  twist them into thread.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• Circle basically applies to a movement around in
  a more or less circular pattern, but it can also
  be used to convey a lack of straight directness
  in a winding course.
• Our plane circled the airport for an hour before
  landing.
• The fence circles the yard.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 93. circular round, not direct, being shaped
  like or nearly like a circle
• 94. channel the bed of a stream of water, narrow
  passage, passage for liquid

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 96. attendant a person who attends another to
  perform a service
• a museum / parking lot / library attendant
• 97. crush to press with great power so as to
  break, destroy, the natural shape into powder

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Detailed Study of the Text

• The machine crushes wheat grain to make flour.
• The sugar cane is taken to the factory where the
  juice is crushed out.
• 98. pulp the soft almost liquid mass of plant or
  animal material, such as the soft inside part of
  many fruits or vegetable

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 99. extract to pull or take out, often with
  difficulty
• to extract one tooth
• The policemen extracted secret information from a
  criminal.
• 100. superb perfect in form, quality, etc.
• This word describes sth. that reaches the highest
  conceivable point.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 101. muscular having well-developed muscles,
  strong, implying great physical strength
• 102. stately grand in style, noble, dignified.
  Here implies that the camels walk in a constant,
  unhurried way with their heads holding high,
  seemingly dignified.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 103. ramshackle shaky, unsteady, likely to go to
  pieces
• a ramshackle house
• a ramshackle bike, which produces a sound at
  every part except the bell.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 104. apparatus a set of machines, instruments,
  tools, etc. that work together for a particular
  purpose
• 107. tower to be very tall, esp. in relation to
  the height of the surroundings.
• The monument to the People's Heroes towers aloft
  on Tiananmen.
• He towers above his contemporaries.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 108. dwarf to cause to appear small by
  comparison
• Snow-white the 7 Dwarfs
• Most basketball players dwarf other men.
• 109. shovel tool used for moving or lifting
  loose material such as sand, snow, coal
• v. to remove sth. with a shovel

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 110. nimble quick-moving, moving or acting
  quickly and lightly agile
• as nimble as a monkey
• She knitted with nimble fingers.
• 111. trickle a slow, small flow of liquid

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 112. ooze (of thick liquids) pass slowly through
  small openings
• If you squeeze the tube of toothpaste, it oozes
  out of the tube.
• Tiny drops of oil are pressed out to form a small
  flow down the runnel.

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 113. runnel a small, narrow channel
• 114. glisten shine brightly, sparkle
• His eyes glistened with tears.
• Her hair glistens with oil.
• 115. taut tightly drawn

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Detailed Study of the Text

• 116. girder large horizontal beam, usu. made of
  iron or steel, which supports the smaller beams
  in a floor or room
• I-shaped girder
• 117. blend mixture

98
Structural analysis

• Part I. (para.1)
• (The Middle Eastern takes you back )
• General atmosphere
• ancient primitive
• harmonious
• lively, active, vigorous, healthy

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Structural analysis

• Part II. (paras 2 - 4)
• (Then as you at intervals.)
• The cloth market
• muted
• sepulchral
• Bargaining is the order of the day.

100
Structural analysis

• Part III (paras. 5 7)
• (One of the most picturesque lie beside them.)
• The coppersmith market and other markets
• sound and light
• smell
• varied characters
• harmonious

101
Structural analysis

• Part IV (paras 8-9)
• (Perhaps the most unforgettable)
• the mill where linseed oil is extracted
• the description of the mill
• Words describing sound

102
Style

• TYPE of Writing
• Description A description is painting a picture
  in words of a person, place, object, or scene. 

103
Style

• a descriptive essay is generally developed
  through sensory details, or the impressions of
  ones senses --- sight, hearing, taste, smell and
  touch. The writer generally chooses those that
  help to bring out the dominant characteristic or
  outstanding quality of the person or thing
  described.

104
Writing Technique

• 1. From Macro to Micro 
• 2. Words appealing to senses light heat, sound
  movement, and smell colour and taste. 
• 3. nouns, adjectives and even adverbs used as
  verbs thread, round, narrow, price, live, tower
  and dwarf.

105
Writing Technique

• 4. words imitating sounds onomatopoeia
• 5. stressful and impressive sentence structures
• one of the peculiarities,
• one of the most picturesque...

106
Rhetoric

• Onomatopoeia words imitating the sounds
  associated with the thing concerned
• creak (to make) the sound of a badly-oiled door
  when it opens
• When you move in a wooden bed, it creaks.
• The hinge of the door needs oiling, it creaks
  every time it is opened.

107
Rhetoric

• squeak (to make) a short very high but not loud
  sound
• the squeak of a mouse
• rumble (to make) a deep continuous rolling sound
• The thunder / the big guns rumbled in the
  distance.
• I am hungry, my stomach is rumbling.

108
Rhetoric

• grunt (of certain animals, to make) short deep
  rough sounds in the throat, as if the nose were
  closed, such as the deep short sound
  characteristic of a hog, or a man making a
  similar sound expressing disagreement, boredom,
  irritation

109
Rhetoric

• sigh (to let out) a deep breath slowly and with
  a sound, usu. expressing tiredness, sadness, or
  satisfaction
• We all heaved a sigh of relief when the work was
  done.

110
Rhetoric

• groan (to make) a sound caused by the movement
  of wood or metal parts heavily loaded, (to make)
  a deep sound forced out by pain, or expressing
  despair
• The patient groaned as he was lifted on to the
  stretcher.
• The ancient chair gave a groan when the fat woman
  sat down on it.
• The roof creaked and groaned under the weight of
  the snow.

111
Rhetoric

• Personification a figure that endows objects,
  animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form,
  character, or sensibility,
• The Middle Easter bazaar takes you...
• dancing flashes
• The beam sinkstaut and protesting

112
Rhetoric

• Hyperbole a device of comparison using
  exaggeration or obvious overstatement for comic
  or dramatic effect.
• takes you ...hundreds even thousands of years
• every conceivable
• innumerable lamps
• incredibly young
• with the dust of centuries

113
Thanks