Helen Veikar, Liisi Kondio

1
Wales

• Helen Veikar, Liisi Kondio
• Carl Robert Jakobson Gymnasium
• 11c
• Viljandi
• Supervisors T. Pukk, M. Maasen

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The Map of Wales
3
General Facts

• Part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
  Northern Ireland.
• Area 20,760 sq km (8,015 sq miles)
• Population 2,798,200
• Languages English (100), Welsh (20)
• Capital City Cardiff
• National Motto Cymru am Byth ("Wales for Ever")

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History

• Roman invasion in AD 48.
• Independent 400AD to 13th Century.
• Partial Norman occupation 11th, 12th and 13th
  centuries.
• Wales made Dominion of English King 1282-1535.
• Independent Principality 1400-1416.
• Constituent of Kingdom of Great Britain
  (1707-1801) and United Kingdom (from 1801).

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Wales

• Wales came into existence as a country with Henry
  the VIIIs Act of Union in 1536.
• Celtic tribes from Europe came to settle the
  whole of the British isles around 500 - 100 BC,
  alongside the original Iron Age population.
• The origin of the word Wales is a strange one. It
  is a variation on a common word used hundreds of
  years ago by the Anglo-Saxons to mean foreigners
  or outsiders.

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The Celts

• The Celts dominated Mid and Western Europe for a
  thousand years.
• The Celts as an ethnic group have long since
  disappeared, except in places such as Ireland and
  the Scottish Highlands.
• The Celts transmitted their culture orally, never
  writing down history or facts.
• They were well educated, particularly on topics
  such as religion, philosophy, geography and
  astronomy.

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Culture

• Wales has always been known as a country of music
  and song.
• Eisteddfod since the 12th century. An annual
  competition which was held to find the best
  poets, writers and musicians.

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Symbols

• The Red Dragon of Wales was introduced to Britain
  by the Romans some eighteen hundred years ago.
• All over Wales you will find wishing wells into
  which people still throw money.
• On March 1 is St. David's Daythe Welsh national
  holiday.
• The daffodil is a Welsh national emblem.
• St. David is the patron saint of Wales.
• The leek is the emblem of Wales since the 16th
  century.

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The Welsh Flag

• The origins of the Red Dragon flag, or "y Draig
  Goch" could date back to the Roman period.
• The dragon was used by Roman military.
• After the Romans left, the Red Dragon remained as
  a key emblem of Wales.

10
Gods

• Amaethon - The Welsh god of agriculture.
• Arianrhod - Celtic earth goddess.
• Bran - he is a hero god and perhaps also the god
  of poetry and the underworld.
• Branwen - is the Celtic goddess of love and
  beauty.
• Dylan - Welsh sea god.
• Gwydion - Welsh warrior and magician god.
• Lleu - his festival, the Lugnasad, was held on
  the first day of August.

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Traditional Food

• Laverbread - local eggs and bacon combined with
  the more unusual ingredients.
• Afternoon tea can be served with Bara Brith ( a
  fruit bread) or Welsh cakes.
• The traditional meat for dinner in the evening 
  is Welsh Lamb or for a snack Welsh Rarebit.

12
Language

• Belongs to a branch of Celtic, an Indo-European
  language.
• Their language is a distant cousin to Irish and
  Scots Gaelic and a close brother to Breton.
• Welsh is still used by about half a million
  people within Wales and possibly another few
  hundred thousand in England and other areas
  overseas.
• English 100, Welsh 20.

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Literature

• Anglo-Welsh poets, on the other hand, such as
  Dylan Thomas are famous throughout the literary
  world.
• The Welsh writers wrote in English.
• Welsh can claim to be the oldest attested
  vernacular literature in Europe.
• The 6th century poets Taliesin and Aneirin.

14
The Prince of Wales

• Eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince
  Philip.
• He was born at Buckingham Palace on 14 November
  1948.
• He has two sons Harry and William.

15
The Welsh Church

• The archbishop of Wales is Rowan Williams.
• Some parishes St.Woolos Cathedral, St. Marys
  Church, Newport Churches.

16
Castles

• Wales is home to some of Europe's finest
  surviving examples of medieval castle
  construction.
• Mold castle
• Chepstow
• Ewloe
• Beaumaris

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Museums

• National Museum and Gallery
• Roman Legionary Museum
• Museum of Welsh Life
• Museum of the Welsh Woollen Industry

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Seven Wonders of Wales
Overton Yew Trees
Wrexham Steeple
Pistyll Rhaeadr
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Snowdons Mountain
St. Winifreds Well
Llangollen Bridge
Gresford Bells
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Summarise

• Wales is a land of beautiful nature, rich
  culture and amazing architecture.