Chapter 1: Introduction to CIS

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Chapter 1 Introduction to CIS

• Explain the importance of computer literacy
• Define the term computer
• Identify the components of a computer
• Explain why a computer is a powerful tool
• Differentiate among the various categories of
  software
• Explain the purpose of a network
• Discuss the uses of the Internet the Web
• Describe the categories of computers
• Identify the various types of computer users

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Computer Literacy

• Computer literacy the level of expertise and
  familiarity someone has with computers
• a knowledge of the computer systems and equipment
  and how they function
• the ability to use applications software
• The level of computer literacy
• using computers as a problem solving tool

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Digital Computer

• An electronic machine, operating under the
  control of instructions stored in its own memory
• accepts data
• manipulates the data according to specified rules
• produces results
• stores the results for future use
• It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions
  (a program)

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The Digital Age

• Digital technology uses numbers to process and
  record information.
• Digital convergence represents the merger of
  computer technology, communications, consumer
  electronics, entertainment, and mass media
  industries as various devices exchange
  information in the digital format used by
  computers.
• TV/PC

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COMPUTER SYSTEMS

• Purpose To convert data into information
• The Information Processing Cycle
  Input-Process-Output and Storage
• Components of a Computer System
• Computer hardware
• Computer software
• People users and IS professionals

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Data vs. Information
Data Collection of raw unprocessed facts,
figures, and symbols
Information Data that is organized, meaningful,
and useful
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PEOPLE

• End user who is the ultimate user of a computer
  system usually implies an individual with a
  relatively low level of computer expertise
• Power user is someone who has considerable
  experience with computers and utilizes the most
  advanced features of applications.
• IS Professionals are people who develop and
  operate IS.

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Hardware, Software

• HardwareThe electric, electronic, and
  mechanical equipment that makes up a computer

• SoftwareThe series of instructions that tells
  the hardware how to perform tasks

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Who designs and writes software?

• Computer programmer
• uses a programming language to write software
  programs
• Systems Analyst
• works with both the user and the programmer to
  determine the desired output of the program

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The Information Processing Cycle
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The Components of Computer Hardware
speaker
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Computer Hardware

• any part of a computer system that you can see or
  touch
• Computer (or system unit) CPU and Main Memory
• Peripheral any piece of hardware attached to a
  computer
• Input devices
• Output devices
• Secondary storage devices
• Communications devices

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Input Devices

• Any hardware component that allows a user to
  enter data and instructions into a computer

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Output Devices

• Any hardware component that can convey
  information to a user

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The System Unit or Chassis

• A box-like case that protects the internal
  electronic components of the computer from damage
• Circuitry in the system unit is part of or is
  connected to a circuit board called the
  motherboard

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The Components of a Motherboard

• CPU or a Processor
• Electronic device that interprets and carries out
  the basic instructions that operate the computer
• Memory
• Temporary holding place for data and instructions

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A Chip

• An electronic device that contains many
  microscopic pathways that carry electrical
  currents

• Packaged so it can be attached to a motherboard

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Storage

• Holds data, instructions, and information for
  future use
• Storage Medium
• Physical material on which a computer keeps the
  data, instructions and information
• Storage Device
• Records retrieves items to and from a storage
  medium
• Devices often function as source of input because
  they transfer items from storage into memory

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A Hard Disk

• Consists of several circular platters that store
  items electronically
• Disks are enclosed in an airtight, sealed case,
  which often is housed inside the system unit
• Some hard disks are removable

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A Compact Disc

• A flat, round portable medium that stores data
  using microscopic pits, which are created by a
  laser light
• CD-ROM
• CD-RW rewriteable CD
• DVD-ROM tremendous storage capacities
• DVD-RW rewriteable DVD

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A Communications Device

• Enables computer users to communicate and to
  exchange items with another computer
• Allows you to establish a connection between two
  computers and transmit items over transmission
  media

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Why Is a Computer so Powerful?

• Reliability
• Components produce consistent results
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Storage
• Enormous amounts of data can be stored
• Communications
• Two connected computers can share stored data,
  instructions, and information

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A Network

• Two or more computers connected together via
  communications media and devices
• Networks allow computers to share resources, such
  as hardware, software, data, and information
• The most widely known network is the Internet

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System Software

• Systems software consists of low-level programs
  that interact with the computer at a very basic
  level. These programs control the operations of
  the computer and its devices
• Operating System Set of programs that coordinate
  all the activities among computer hardware
  devices
• Utility program performs a specific task,
  usually related to managing a computer, its
  devices, or its programs

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A graphical user interface (GUI)

• Allows you to interact with the software using
  visual images such as icons

• An icon is a small image that represents a
  program, an instruction, or some other object

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Application software

• Programs that do real work for users
• Suite - Collection of popular individual software
  applications bundled together as a single unit
• Word processing
• Spreadsheet
• Database
• Presentation graphics

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Networks and the Internet

• A network is collection of computers and devices
  connected together via communications devices and
  media
• When your computer connects to a network you are
  online

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The reasons to network
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Local area network (LAN)

• A network that connects computers in a limited
  geographic area such as a school computer
  laboratory, office or group of buildings

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Categories of Computers
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Personal Computers

• A computer that can perform all of its input,
  processing, output, and storage activities by
  itself
• Microprocessor
• PCs are based on the microprocessor technology
  that places an entire CPU on one chip
• PC and Apple Macintosh
• Two major categories
• Desktop
• Notebook or Laptop (a mobile computer)

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Handheld (or Palmtop Computers or Pocket PCs)

• How do you input data with a handheld computer?
• A stylus looks like a ballpoint pen, but uses
  pressure, instead of ink to write

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Personal digital assistant (PDA)

• One of the most popular handheld computers in use
  today
• Provides personal organizer functions
• Calendar
• Appointment book
• Address book
• Calculator
• Notepad

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Mid-Range Computers or Servers

• Once known as a minicomputer
• Supports up to 4,000 users
• Often connected via a personal computer or
  terminal

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Mainframes

• Can handle hundreds or thousands of connected
  users simultaneously
• Stores tremendous amounts of data, instructions,
  and information

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Supercomputers

• Fastest, most powerful computer
• Able to process more than 12 trillion
  instructions per second