USS Virginia

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USS Virginia

• Pearl Harbor Naval Base, December 7, 1941

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  World War II in the Pacific  
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D-Day 1944 During the Normandy Invasions at Omaha
Beach, June 6, 1944, airborne paratroopers landed
behind German coastal fortifications around
midnight, and American and British forces hit
several beaches at daybreak as Allied ships and
bombers provided cover. American troops secured
full control of Omaha Beach by nightfall, but at
a price of 3,000 casualties. Allied air power
prevented the Germans from bringing up reserves
and counterattacking.
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  Defeat of the Axis in Europe, 19421945  
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  World War II in the Pacific  
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Nagasaki bomb

• Three days after the U.S. dropped the first
  atomic bomb on Hiroshima, it exploded a second
  bomb over Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. Despite
  these terrible blows, Japan still did not
  surrender for another week.

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Defendants in the Nuremberg Trials 1945-1949
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Big Three at Yalta With victory over Nazi Germany
assured, the leaders of the Soviet Union,
Britain, and the United States (Stalin, Winston
Churchill, and Franklin D. Roosevelt) were in
reasonable spirits (though Roosevelt was ailing)
when they met at Yalta, a Black Sea resort in the
Soviet Union, in February 1945. Important sources
of friction among them were evident at the
meeting, but the differences that led to the Cold
War did not seem paramount at this point. The
Yalta conference proved to be the last meeting of
the three leaders.
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Overview
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Worldwide cooperation and the establishment of
international organizations to prevent WWIII

• UN 1945

• Bretton Woods - 1944

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George Kennan

• Excerpt from the Long Telegram

• We must formulate and put forward for other
  nations a much more positive and constructive
  picture of sort of world we would like to see
  than we have put forward in past. It is not
  enough to urge people to develop political
  processes similar to our own. Many foreign
  peoples, in Europe at least, are tired and
  frightened by experiences of past, and are less
  interested in abstract freedom than in security.
  They are seeking guidance rather than
  responsibilities. We should be better able than
  Russians to give them this. And unless we do,
  Russians certainly will...

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The Iron Curtain and Trumans Response

• Containment official US policy to prevent the
  spread of communism outside the USSR
• Truman Doctrine to support free people who are
  resisting attempted subjugation by armed
  minorities or by outside pressures
• Marshall Plan US funds for the re-building of
  Europe provides 13.5 billion in aid to 16
  countries in just 4 years

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• National Security Act of 1947
• Department of Defense, National Security Council
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
• Peacetime draft (1949)
• Increase in military spending by 400
• Executive Order 9835 (March 1947)
• Taft-Hartley Act
• House Committee on Un-American Activities
• McCarran Internal Security Act (1950)
• Immigration and Nationality Act (1952)

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Berlin airlift

• Located deep within communist East Germany,
  West Berlin was suddenly cut off from the West
  when Josef Stalin blockaded all surface traffic
  in an attempt to take over the war-torn city.
  Between June 1948 and May 1949, British and U.S.
  pilots made 272,000 flights, dropping food and
  fuel to civilians. The Berlin Airlift
  successfully foiled the blockade, and the Soviet
  Union reopened access on May 12.

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  Cold War European Alliance Systems  

• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization includes
  Canada and the United States and stretches as far
  east as Turkey. By contrast, the Warsaw Pact
  nations were limited to the contiguous communist
  states of Eastern Europe, with the Soviet Union
  as the dominant member.