Cocaine and Peyote

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Cocaine and Peyote

• Jennifer Hayes
• June 10, 2008
• Bio 341
• Professor Mohammed

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Cocaine

• Very addictive stimulant that directly affects
  the brain
• Became popularized in the 1980s
• Has been an abused substance for over 100 years
• Extracted from the Coca Bush

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Coca Bush

• Scientific Name Erythroxylon coca
• Plant originated in the Andes Mountains of South
  America
• Grown best in warm frost free valleys
• Peru, Bolivia, Columbia
• Can grow up to 8ft tall
• Normally planted in nurseries by seed then
  transplanted into fields after 2 months
• Reaches full maturity by the 24th month after the
  transplant

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http//farm2.static.flickr.com/1040/1223951534_e54
9bfb9d3.jpg?v0
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Coca Bush

• The Coca Bush can yield three harvests a year for
  more than 20 years
• The coca leaves are rich in vitamins, protein,
  calcium, iron and fiber.
• Harvesting is done all by hand.
• Leaves are ready to pick when they have a
  yellowish tint and crack when bent
• Must be completely dried.

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Threats

• larvae of the moth Eloria noyesi.
• Eat 50 leaves in its lifetime.
• Increase use in pesticides
• Beetle Aegoidus pacificus
• Lays eggs in the bark and the larvae will burrow
  into the stems
• Extreme infestation

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Leaves

• Cut and dried,
• soaked in kerosene, paint thinner or other
  solvents to make a thick paste
• Paste is refined into the fine white powder

http//www.ashadeaddiction.com/drugaddiction.htm
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Uses

• 1. Manufacturing of Cocaine
• 2. Medicine
• 3. Chewing
• 4. Manufacturing of flavoring extracts

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Cocaine Hydrochloride

• Cocaine Hydrochloride is the chemical that is
  extracted from the Coca leaves
• Pure Cocaine
• First extracted in the early 19th century
• Today Cocaine is a schedule II drug which means
  it has a high potential for abuse

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2 forms of Cocaine

• Hydrochloride Salt powdered form, can be
  dissolved in H20. usually taken intranasally or
  intravenously.
• Freebase more pure form of cocaine because it
  hasnt been neutralized with an acid to make the
  hydrochloride salt. This form can be smoked.

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Street Drug

• Fine, white crystalline powder
• Coke, snow, blow
• cuttingdiluting the cocaine with inert
  substances such as baby powder or flour
• Impossible to know how pure.
• usually 20-25 pure cocaine when bought on
  streets.

http//legaldruginfo.wordpress.com/2007/06/11/stre
et-names-for-cocaine/
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Cracked Cocaine

• Freebase form that is smoked
• Processed with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate and
  water.
• Heated before smoking to remove the hydrochloride
• Cheap and inexpensive to produce and buy

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http//static.howstuffworks.com/gif/crack-15.jpg
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• Cocaine powder is absorbed by the blood vessels
  in the nose and sinuses
• Crack vapor or freebase cocaine is more rapidly
  absorbed by the blood vessels in the lungs
• Liquid cocaine is inserted directly into the vein
  and goes straight to the brain and heart

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Short-term effects of cocaine

• Increased energyDecreased appetite Mental
  alertnessIncreased heart rateIncreased blood
  pressure Constricted blood vessels Increased
  temperatureDilated pupils
• Restlessness
• Irritability
• Anxiety

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• Snorted powder 1-3 mins. to take affect and
  lasts 1 hour
• Injected liquid cocaine 30 -120 secs. to take
  affect
• Freebase or crack 5-10 secs. to take affect and
  lasts 10-30 mins.

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Medicinal Uses

• Used to be sold over the counter
• Toothache cures, surface anesthesia, cure for
  depression
• Today can still be used only by doctors for
  certain eye, ear and throat surgeries.

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Chewing

• Have been ingested for thousands of years
• Counter symptoms of mountain sickness and oxygen
  deprivation.
• Produces a sense of warmth
• Potent stimulant and appetite depressant effect
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vacdRu2ahoRMfeature
  related

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Coca Cola

• Coca leaves and Kola nuts
• Cocaine alkaloids in coca bush used in cola
  drinks as flavoring.
• After 1906 coca leaves are still used but the
  cocaine alkaloids are removed
• Harrison Narcotics Act

http//storage.msn.com/x1pbglk-vqL4BuCu4aJv8uG19LS
F17LyFT5MWWnHRvxHsVISrlScbwrUePKWM61-yKfSLsICtsgIo
d_H3HEzSdaqo2rkZ_8D9e0-A8sAIiq09XSzm3S-XiCX3Tqwv_m
UD7b523v25u3z6tFMuGuhbbTM2csWNID09Ti
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Peyote

• Lophophora williamsii
• Small spineless cactus, flowering plant of the
  family Cactaceae
• Spines are only present in very young seedlings
• Native to the Rio Grande Valley of Texas and the
  northern and central Mexican Plateau
• Active ingredient is the hallucinogen mescaline

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http//waynesword.palomar.edu/peyote.htm
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http//cactiguide.com/graphics/l_williamsii_600.jp
g
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Structure

• Top of cactus above ground and referred to as the
  crown
• Disk shape buttons that are cut and dried
• Either chewed or soaked in water to make a toxic
  liquid
• Street names buttons, cactus, mesc.
• Schedule I drug

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http//www.drugfree.org/Portal/Drug_Guide/Peyote
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Affects (Trips)

• Nausea before hallucinogenic affects kick in
• Altered states of perception and feelings
• Increase body temp, increase blood pressure, loss
  of appetite, euphoria, anxiety, insanity, fears
• Lasts around 10 hours

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Flashbacks

• HPPD (Hallucination Persisting Perception
  Disorder)
• People who used to use hallucinogenic drugs have
  reoccurrences of hallucinations they experienced
  while on the drugs
• bad trip

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References

• http//www.eappartners.org/worklife/addiction/coca
  ine/what_is_cocaine.asp
• http//www.streetdrugs.org/coca.htm
• http//www.snopes.com/cokelore/cocaine.asp
• http//emedicine.com/med/topic400.htm
• http//www.drugfree.org/Portal?Drug_Guide/Peyote
• http//www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/lsd/pbotany.ht
  m