Review:

1

• Review
• Geography
• Difference from Greeks
• Romulus and Remus
• Influences
• Greeks
• Carthaginians
• Latins

2

• Rome Basics
• Plebeians (80-95), Patricians (5-15), Slaves
• Government
• Senate, Consuls, emergency dictator (6 months
  maxfasces)
• Two phases
• Republic (509-30BCE)
• Empire (30 BCE-476 CE)

3

• How does Rome get powerful/or grow?

4

• How does Rome get powerful/or grow?
• Gradual conquestsmall wars
• Most ancient civ.s kill and enslave people they
  conquer Not Romans
• Defeated enemies become alliestrade with Romans.
• Leave the defeated state intact (defeated people
  pleased)
• Defeated get to pay a tax but get Roman
  Citizenship-(another benefit)
• Romans only want one thingtroops
• So whatRomans create an empire without having to
  rule it.

5

• How do they became great?
• Beat the Carthaginians (1st, 2nd 3rd Punic
  warsHannibal, etc. Ended in 146 BCE)
• Changed how armies created(soldiers loyalty
  towhom change in _at_100BCE)
• Gives rise to in-fighting and the rise of
  military leadersthe Republic is in danger.

6

• Julius Caesar (end 44 BCE)

7

• Julius Caesar (end 44BCE)
• Generalhelps create the Triumvirate (3 people)
  60 BCE
• Given a big command in Gaul (France) and does
  well
• First to write home what he was doingGaulich
  wars (popular)
• One of the Triumvirate dies and Caesar takes
  advantages.
• Makes himself dictator in 45. BCEacts like a
  king
• Ides of March 44 BCE he was stabbed to death
• Results Another battle between Caesars
  right-hand man Mark Anthony and a young guy
  called Octavian (heir to Caesar). Octavian wins
  (beats Anthony and Queen of Egypt Cleopatra in 31
  BCE.

8

• Octavian/Augustus (31-14 BCE)
• Restored the RepublicNot!!
• The revered one
• Standing army of 300,000 (US today has 160,000 in
  Iraq)
• People happy that all the civil wars over they
  like Augustus
• Pax Romana
• Golden Age of Rome
• Literature (Vergilpoet), Cicero (rhetoric)
• Architecture--Roman Forum

9
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