Community First Aid

1
Community First Aid Safety

• Lesson 11

2
Internal injuries

• Embedded objects
• Do not remove
• Stabilize and protect object with bulky padding
  or other material
• Apply dressings around
• Abdominal evisceration
• Do not push back inside
• Cover with moist/occlusive dressing
• Keep warm and prevent shock

3
Evisceration
4
Internal injuries

• Ruptured spleen
• Pain in lower left abdomen
• Referred pain in left shoulder and neck
• Can bleed to death
• Bruised kidney
• Pain in low back, thighs, or pelvic region
• Cloudy or bloody urine
• Not usually an emergency

5
Kidney bruise spleen location
6
Internal injuries

• Hernia
• Weakness of abdominal musculature
• Inguinal area common (sports hernia)
• Do not force protruding organs back inside

7
Sudden illness

• Glucose the sugar the body uses as fuel
• Insulin moves the sugar out of the blood and
  into the cells to be used
• Type I diabetes juvenile onset
• Type II diabetes adult-onset
• Hypoglycemia
• Low blood sugar (can be too much insulin)
• Irritability, trembling, sweating, confusion
• Give sugar (juice is best)
• Hyperglycemia
• High blood sugar (too little insulin)
• Thirst, nausea, headache, fruity breath, vomiting
• When in doubt, give sugar (wont hurt them)

8
Insulin pump glucose meter
9
Sudden illness

• Syncope
• Fainting bodys response to blood pooling in the
  extremities
• Sit with the head between the knees or lie down
  with feet elevated
• Seizure
• Transitory abnormal electrical activity in the
  brain
• Caused by epilepsy, head injuries, brain
  infection/tumor, drug abuse, high fever, etc.
• Dont restrain the victim
• Dont put anything between their teeth
• Move dangerous objects
• Put on side after seizure to prevent aspiration
• All first time seizures need to see the doctor

10
Syncope seizure
11
Sudden illness

• Cardiac risk factors
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Obesity
• Smoking
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Tension, frustration, or hostility
• Over age 30
• Male

• Angina
• Pain in the chest
• Shortness of breath
• Light-headedness
• Nausea
• Cant tell the difference between angina and a
  heart attack (call EMS)
• Stop activity

12
Angina
13
Sudden illness

• Stroke (cerebrovascular accident)
• Caused by embolism, thrombosis,
  aneurysm/hemorrhage
• Causes impaired circulation to the brain
• Dizziness or fainting
• Light-headedness
• Altered level of consciousness
• Temporary paralysis of face or one side of the
  body
• Difficulty speaking or understanding words
• Usually old people, but can be caused by an
  accident

14
Stroke
15
Sudden illness

• Poisoning
• 4 ways poisons enter the body
• Get a history
• Call EMS and/or poison control
• Food poisoning vs. anaphylactic shock
• Only use activated charcoal if instructed to do
  so
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Odorless, colorless
• Dizziness, headache, confusion
• Chest pain, shortness of breath
• Nausea
• Pale skin, cyanosis (skin becomes cherry red at
  late stage of high exposure)

16
Carbon Monoxide poisoning