Atkins Diet

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Atkins Diet

• Bruce, Kevin, Brian, Doug

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Atkins Diet

• AKA Ketogenic diet
• Developed by Dr. Robert Atkins.
• Diet comprised of low carbohydrate intake with
  high meat, dairy and fat intake.

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Low Carbohydrate diets

• Initial rapid weight loss.
• Due to excessive water loss.
• Leads to liver and muscle glycogen depletion.
• Water loss occurs here. (3 parts water stored
  with one part glycogen)
• Reduces kindeys ability to concentrate urine.
• Leads to excretion of sodium (helps maintain H2O
  levels).

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Byproducts of Atkins Diet.

• Ketone Bodies.
• Acetone.

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Production of Ketones
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Lipolysis

• Fatty acids attached to glycerol in
  triacylglycerols are hydrolytically removed.
• Occurs in Adipose tissue. (also in liver and
  muscles)
• Mobilizes fatty acids to serve as fuel in the
  body as well as a synthesis of Ketone Bodies.

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Lipolysis
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Lipid Metabolism

• . Lipid Metabolism
•       A. Catabolism
•     1. Lipolysis
•     2. b-oxidation
•     3. Acetyl-CoA enters TCA cycle

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Oxidation of Fatty Acids
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Ketosis

• Elevated levels of ketone bodies is called
• KETOSIS
• A condition arising from starvation, or
  exercising to the limits of cellular carbohydrate
  reserves.

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Release of Ketone Bodies

• Acetoacetate produced by liver may be released
  into the blood, or it may be reduced to
  D-hydroxybutyrate first
• hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (in reverse)
• CH3COCH2CO2- NADH H
• D-CH3CHOHCH2CO2- NAD

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Formation of Ketones

• In addition acetoacetate is prone to spontaneous
  decarboxylation, leaving acetone
• CH3COCH2CO2- H
• CH3COCH3 CO2

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Ketone Metabolism
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Nasty Fact

• Acetone is evident in Atkins dieters by the smell
  of their breath.

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Questions

• What organ secretes insulin and glucagon?
• Explain Ketosis.
• What is the main idea behind the Atkins diet?
• What is a byproduct of the Atkins diet?
• What role does lipolysis play in the CAC?