Todays class

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• From my alter-ego as emcee of Americas Funniest
  Animal Videos
• http//www.facebook.com/inbox/readmessage.php?t11
  43166663299

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• Turn in MEMO 2 anytime between now and May 6 at
  10 a.m.
• Homework 4 will be turned back on Monday, (I
  hope).
• Today Fishery policy
• Monday Water (quantity)
• Wednesday International trade
• Friday (May 8) No class
• Monday (May 11) Wrap-up. Exam prep.
• Monday (May 18) Exam 800 a.m.

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Problems

• Overfishing
• Growth in demand (people income)
• More efficient harvesting methods
• More efficient on-boat storage
• Costello article has a more concrete definition
• Bycatch
• Habitat degradation
• Disease pollution from fish ranches

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Fisheries regulation

• Gear restrictions
• Hooks per line, etc.
• Net size, mesh size, etc.
• Size (clams, lobsters, etc.)
• Fishing seasons or days
• Hours per day
• Size of boat number of boats
• Area restrictions
• Boat buy-backs

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• Two disappointing facts about Maryland crab
  consumption. (And a recommendation from UMCPs
  fisheries economist.)

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Blue Crab regulations

• License (if more than 2 dozen crabs)
• Boat license
• Minimum size
• April 1 July 14
• Males (hard shell) 5 inches
• Peeler 3¼ inches
• July 15 Dec. 15
• Males (hard shell) 5¼ inches
• Peeler 3½ inches
• Allowable Times (Main Bay)
• Apr, Oct, Nov and Dec1/2 hour after sunrise-500
  PM
• May Sept. 1/2 hour before sunrise-500 PM

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Blue crab regs., cont.

• Allowable times (tributaries)
• Oct. April
• ½ hour after sunrise - sunset
• May Sept.
• ½ hour before sunrise sunset
• Separate regulations for Potomac River
• Separate regulations for Ocean City and seaside
  Bays

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and on and on and on

• CATCH LIMITS FOR AN UNLICENSED BOAT
• Without any licensed persons in the unlicensed
  boat
• 4 dozen hard crabs
• 1 dozen soft crabs or peelers
• One licensed crabber in the boat alone or with
  unlicensed crabbers
• 1 bushel of hard crabs
• 2 dozen soft crabs and peelers
• If 2 or more licensed persons in the unlicensed
  boat
• 2 bushels of hard crabs
• 2 dozen soft crabs or peelers
• CATCH LIMITS FOR A LICENSED BOAT
• Without any persons in the licensed boat who also
  possess an Individual Recreational Crabbing
  License
• 1 bushel of hard crabs
• 2 dozen soft crabs or peelers
• Etc.

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and more regulations

• Gear restrictions (individual crabbing)
• A license is required of an individual who uses
  the following gear or takes the following
  quantity of crabs
• Trotline (1200 feet of baited line maximum
  allowed) floats must be the same size, color and
  shape
• 11 to 30 traps or rings
• Up to 10 eel pots for own bait
• More than 2 dozen with a limit of 1 bushel of
  hard crabs
• More than 1 dozen with a limit of 2 dozen soft
  crabs or peelers
• Illegal to use a crab trap that automatically
  closes, without a manual force.

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• Policy instituted in 2008
• Close blue crab season for harvesting females
  Oct. 23 (this is seven weeks early.)
• Traditionally a busy time of year because females
  are migrating down the Chesapeake Bay to spawn.
• Watermen
• Crab-picking houses
• Tiered" system of bushel limits on females that
  is based on the average of a waterman's catch
  over the past four years.

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Md., Va. Announce Blue Crab Population Rebound
in BayPosted April 17, 2009 1236 PM

• ANNAPOLIS, Md.- A new survey has found the
  Chesapeake Bay's adult population of blue crabs
  has increased substantially over last year after
  new management measures were put in place.
• The Virginia Institute of Marine Science and the
  Maryland Department of Natural Resources
  announced the results of the winter dredge survey
  Friday. They conducted the survey by dragging
  selected areas of the bay and counting the number
  of crabs found.

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Commercial fishery regulation

• What is the disadvantage of using gear
  restrictions and other such requirements to
  regulate fisheries?
• Policy Response (1960s onward)
• Total Allowable Catch (TAC)
• Replacement for other regulations OR
• In addition to other regulations

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Total allowable catch

• Whats wrong with the TAC approach?
• Halibut in the U.S.
• Race for the fish
• Overcapitalization
• Safety
• Product value
• Product quality
• Black bears in Maryland

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RemedyIndividual Transferable Quotas (ITQs)

• The right to land a certain quantity of fish
  during the season.
• Tons
• Number of traps (lobsters in Australia)
• Also called IFQ (Individual Fishing Quotas)

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Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs)

• How they work
• Percentage then, multiplied by yearly cap.
• Cap is set annually by a Fishery Management
  Council.
• Usually tradable across vessels.
• Gear restrictions eliminated or not enforced (?)
• Only fishermen can buy them.
• What feature of the fishery is needed for ITQs to
  work?

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ITQs, cont.

• U.S. has ITQ system for
• Quahogs
• Halibut, black cod
• Alaska crabs
• State programs
• Proposed programs (sea urchins)
• Non-tradable quotas - Rockfish
• Australia and New Zealand
• Almost all fisheries governed by ITQs

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• Why dont we have more U.S. ITQ systems?
• 1996 moratorium on new systems!
• Strong resistance from fishermen
• Disappearance of small fishermen?
• Traditional distrust of regulation?

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Other policy approaches

• Movement to set aside Marine Reserves.
• Executive Order 13158 called for the development
  of a National System of Marine Protected Areas.
  
• Final rule issued November 2008
• (Why an E.O. and not a law?)

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• Remedy 2 Aquaculture (Not really a policy
  approach but)

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End