USAFRICOM Case Study TRANSCOM JDPAC

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USAFRICOM Case StudyTRANSCOM JDPAC
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
(25 Feb 09)
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Overview
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• Background
• Mobility Challenges
• Discussion
• Requirements
• Infrastructure
• DPS Extension

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Background
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• Case Study Purpose
• Determine impact of AFRICOM on mobility system
• Extend DPS insights to African continent
• AFRICOM Background
• Established in Feb 2007, FOC 1Q FY09
• 191 transition team personnel FY07
• 1600 personnel in FY10
• Organized by regions aligned with the African
  Union
• Challenged by continent andCONUS/OCONUS nature
  of HQ

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Mobility Challenges
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• Key Mobility challenges in Africa
• Distance
• Culture
• Infrastructure
• Fuel
• Business Practices
• Environment

Tunis
Dakar
4,365 miles Dakar to Mogadishu
Mogadishu
4,885 miles Tunis to Cape Town
Cape Town
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Requirements
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• Strategic lift requirements remain constant
• AFRICOM HQ remains consolidated
• SSSP and historic data have similar strategic
  lift
• Theater lift may increase when engagement
  increases
• Focus on dispersing pax/cargo using organic and
  commercial assets
• Increased staff travel volume/frequency to
  Africa, with increased engagement deeper into AOR
• Regional Integration Teams (RITs) on indefinite
  hold
• Commercial lift available to major population
  centers, but infrequent and not interconnected
  (i.e., return to Europe between stops)
• Lack of DOD-certified commercial carriers on
  continent

Stand up of AFRICOM will not impact peak demand
for lift steady state requirement small relative
to overall demand
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Infrastructure
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• Increased focus on Africa JDDE infrastructure
• AFRICOM En Route Infrastructure Steering
  Committee
• Expect increase in air and sea port survey
  requests
• Airlift - coverage/reach not an issue
• 2,000nm range sufficient to reach most locations
  from 2 airfields
• Overflight airfield facilities will be limiting
  factors
• Sealift - very few deep water ports (LMSR
  capable)
• SDDC surveyed 29 ports in 21 countries only 4
  green in all categories
• Assessment of all ports by length/depth looking
  at 3 ship types
• Only a few countries better than base line based
  on number of berths

Note Did not consider overflight for reach Only
considered runway length/width for accessibility
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Infrastructure (cont)
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• Surface infrastructure presents mobility
  challenges
• Limited strategic off-load infrastructure/capabili
  ty
• Road and Rail throughput capability limited/poor
  and not well connected
• Current PREPO options are limited
• Few land storage candidates have been identified
  (climate, political stability)
• Afloat PREPO candidates limited by SPODS and
  coast to point of need distance
• African Fuels Initiative - contracts for total
  quantity
• Expect to bring our own fuel
• Refining capacity shrinking and demand increasing

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DPS Extension to Continent
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• Assessment of all countries and regions based on
  sea access, roads, rail, inland waterways, water,
  and fuel
• Compare infrastructure in to assess ability to
  deploy and sustain DPS-like operation
• Each category subjectively evaluated on 1-3 scale
• Not a thorough assessment of each category (e.g.,
  miles of roads, not size/quality)
• Weight each category for overall score
• Ivory Coast and Nigeria have highest score (58)

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DPS Extension - By Country
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Conclusion
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• AFRICOM steady state requirements will not drive
  peak demand
• Current mobility assets generally unsuited for
  deploying/sustaining large scale operation in
  Africa
• Trade off between size of operation, African
  infrastructure/access, and mobility force
  structure

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Questions
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Review of Case Study Research
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• Review of Steady State Demand
• Airlift (Channel, CENTCOM HOA, and others) and
  Sealift Movements
• AFRICOM-based Defense Planning Scenarios
• Command briefings (Transition Team, Master Plan,
  Air Support Requirements, OSA Assessment)
• AFRICOM and EUCOM En Route Infrastructure
  Steering Committee briefings
• SDDC/TEA and AMC studies
• Africa Center for Strategic Studies, African
  Fuels Initiative
• African Development Bank Study on Infrastructure
• Discussions with AFRICOM (Mr. Denny DAngelo)
• Geospacial Integrated Digital Environment (GIDE)
• United Nations Economic and Social Council

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COCOM Manpower Summary (FY 2008)
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Back
From AFRICOM Discussion brief, Defense Senior
Leadership Council meeting held 1 October 2007
Legend
6,000
Legend
Active Military
5334
5182
Civilian
Active Military (authorized JTD)
Contractor
Civilian (authorized JTD)
462
5,000
Contractor (command provided)
Individual Augmentees (IA)
FSNs
Individual Augmentees (IA)
4170
FSNs
3871
3788
2,265
4,000
249
3350
24
1,205
2989
531
413
1,162
3,000
2693
2710
220
2429
715
2302
585
4,872
1,084
61
810
1,292
915
859
309
1772
2,000
456
770
157
1543
433
326
500
2,937
747
412
577
947
583
209
2,376
1,000
447
1,743
1,728
1,635
1,555
1,063
1,031
1,021
977
796
684
0
JFCOM
EUCOM
SOCOM
PACOM
NORAD NORTHCOM
AFRICOM ()
CENTCOM
NATO
Joint Staff
TRANSCOM
STRATCOM
Other Joint
SOUTHCOM
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African Population Distribution
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Back

• Population centers

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C-5 Access - AFPAM 10-1403 Load
Back
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• C-5 useable airfields
• 2,200nm, unrefueled based on 61.3 ston
• 2,575nm, unrefueled based on 45 ston

10-1403 Rings 2,000nm Rings 3,500nm Rings
C-5 C-17 C-130
Mombasa Intl, Kenya
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C-5 Access - AMC Planning Factor
Back
UNCLASSIFIED

• C-5 useable airfields
• 2,000nm, unrefueled

10-1403 Rings 2,000nm Rings 3,500nm Rings
C-5 C-17 C-130
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C-5 Access - Refueled AMC Planning Factor
Back
UNCLASSIFIED

• C-5 useable airfields
• 3,500nm, refueled

10-1403 Rings 2,000nm Rings 3,500nm Rings
C-5 C-17 C-130
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C-17 Access - AFPAM 10-1403 Load
Back
UNCLASSIFIED

• C-17 useable airfields
• 2,200nm, unrefueled based on 45 ston

10-1403 Rings 2,000nm Rings 3,500nm Rings
C-5 C-17 C-130
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C-17 Access - AMC Planning Factor
Back
UNCLASSIFIED

• C-17 useable airfields
• 2,000nm, unrefueled

10-1403 Rings 2,000nm Rings 3,500nm Rings
C-5 C-17 C-130
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C-17 Access - Refueled AMC Planning Factor
Back
UNCLASSIFIED

• C-17 useable airfields
• 3,500nm, refueled

10-1403 Rings 2,000nm Rings 3,500nm Rings
C-5 C-17 C-130
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C-130 Access - AFPAM 10-1403 Load
Back
UNCLASSIFIED

• C-130 useable airfields
• 1,625nm, unrefueled based on 12 ston (B)
• 2100nm, unrefueled based on 6 ston (P)

10-1403 Rings 1,000nm Rings 2,000nm Rings
C-5 C-17 C-130
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C-130 Access - AMC Planning Factor
Back
UNCLASSIFIED

• C-130 useable airfields
• 1,000nm, unrefueled

10-1403 Rings 1,000nm Rings 2,000nm Rings
C-5 C-17 C-130
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C-130 Access - Refueled AMC Planning Factor
Back
UNCLASSIFIED

• C-130 useable airfields
• 2,000nm, refueled

10-1403 Rings 1,000nm Rings 2,000nm Rings
C-5 C-17 C-130
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Discussion - Airlift
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Back

• Airfield coverage/reach
• 2,000nm unrefueled range capable of reaching most
  of Africa from two airfields (Dakar Mombasa)
• C-5 C-17 capable with standard planning loads
• C-130 unrefueled range requires 3 airfields with
  standard load can go over 2,000nm with JCA load
• Airfield access
• 93 of JCA-only airfields w/in50 miles of C-130
  airfields

Note Did not consider overflight for reach Only
considered runway length/width for accessibility
C-17 capable airfields
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Discussion - Sealift
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Back

• Assessment of SDDC surveyed ports
• 29 ports in 21 countries
• Looked at 3 categories (length/draft, RORO ramp,
  CTNR cranes)
• 4 ports are green for all three
• 11 ports green on two or more
• 14 ports have no cranes ships must be self
  supporting
• UN Report not flattering
• 80 ships more than 50 years old (vs 15 global)
• 80 major ports account for 95 import/export
• Problems with equipment, safety and productivity
• Inland water transport critical, but unreliable

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Discussion - Sealift
Back
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• Assessment of all seaports using GIDE considering
  only length/draft
• Did not consider other restrictions (approach,
  berth type, onward movement)
• From sealift perspective, sustainment of larger
  force is better supported by countries rich in
  large berths with APS/MPS access or RO/RO or JHSV
  access

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Seaports (west)
Back
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• Seaports

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Seaports (east)
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Back

• Seaports (cont)

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APS/MPS Capable Seaport
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Shallow Draft (JHSV) Access
Back
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• Assessment based on length/draft
• Total 502 berths in 33 countries (top 12 shown)

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Seaport Assessment
Back
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• Assessment of seaports using GIDE
• Considering only length/draft
• Did not consider other restrictions (approach,
  berth type, onward movement)

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Major Roads in Africa
Back
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• 80-90 transport by road, but...
• Poorly maintained
• Poorly connected
• "Primary" ? all weather
• 25 paved
• Low road density
• 6.84km/100km2
• 12km/100km2 for Latin America

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Trans-Africa Highway Network
Back
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Rail System
Back
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• Very little interconnectivity
• 17 countries have no rail
• Different gauges (even in same country)
• Rail lines poorly maintained

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Discussion - Fuels
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• African Fuels Initiative
• Into-Plane/Truck contracts
• Specify total quantity for period of contract
• Some can be expanded
• Limited availability
• Refining capacity used
• Storage unknown
• Interior Continent
• Resupply limited
• Poor infrastructure
• Politics
• Quality issues

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Fuels - Into Plane/Truck Contracts
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Back
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Fuels - Refineries
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4 Simple
3 Simple
7 Simple 2 Complex
1 Simple
1 Complex 1 Simple
1 Simple
1 Simple
4 Complex
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Overall Transportation Assessment
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Overall Transportation Assessment
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African Fresh Water
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