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The Early Hebrews
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Much of what is known about ancient Israel comes
from the first 5 books of the Bible
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Ancient Israel was located in the southwestern
portion of the Fertile Crescent.
Fertile Crescent
Ancient Israel
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People have lived in ancient Israel since the Old
Stone Age
Since archaeologists have found Stone Age rock
art of hunting scenes, we know early settlers
found this to be a good place to live.
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In the more fertile areas along the coast of the
Mediterranean Sea, people gathered wild grains.
Teeth of their skeletons are very worn, showing
that the people ate a lot of grain. People began
to settle, building houses of stones and branches.
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Around 8000 B.C., ancient peoples began to farm,
and settled around natural springs and in fertile
areas.
Jericho was built at this time, and may have
contained a guard tower, reservoirs for water,
and a stone wall. Houses were built of sun-dried
clay, and contained several rooms, built around a
courtyard.
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By 8000 B.C., the people of Jericho had learned
to work with copper and bronze tools.
Merchants traded tools and weapons of copper and
bronze, as well as grain, oil, perfume, and
timber with Egypt and Mesopotamia.
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Ancient Israel was a land of varied geography.
Parts of Israel were dry, rocky desert. High
mountains dropped quickly down to river valleys.
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The Jordan River cuts a twisting valley of
fertile land that is bounded by mountains on
either side.
At one point, the Jordan River widens to form a
small body of water known as the Sea of Galilee.
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The Jordan River has a source several thousand
feet up in the mountains. At the end of its 200
mile length, the Jordan River falls 1,285 feet
below sea level.
The Jordan River falls into the worlds deepest
depression. A depression is a low-lying area. At
the bottom, the Jordan empties into the Dead Sea.
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Human settlement was easiest in the north. The
north was covered with green forests and fields,
crisscrossed with streams.
Ancient Israels central highland had fertile
valleys rimmed by steep mountains.
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Ancient Israels climate was as varied as its
land. Most of the area was dry from May to
October with a rainy winter.
Weather ranged from snowy winters to desert heat,
and from flooding to droughts.
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In places, travelers might find a small oasis-an
area where a spring bubbles up from deep in the
earth, making human settlement possible on these
small patches of watered land.
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According to the Torah, God commanded Abraham to
take his people from Ur to Canaan.
According to the Torah, God
commanded Abraham to take
his people from Ur to Canaan.
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The travelers used trade routes linking cities in
the Fertile Crescent. The journey would have
taken months.
The travelers used trade routes linking cities in
the Fertile Crescent. The journey would have
taken months.
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The Torah states that Abraham made a covenant
or special agreement with God, considered to be
the beginning of the Jewish history.
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There came a time of poor crops and terrible
hunger.
The people of ancient Israel went to Egypt where
food could be found.
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The Pharaoh set taskmasters over the people to
oppress them
Like others in ancient Egypt, the people of
Israel had become slaves.
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A man named Moses rose to leadership. Moses was
born to Hebrew parents but was adopted as a baby
by Pharaohs daughter and raised in the royal
household.
Moses was commanded by God to go to Pharaoh and
seek freedom for the people of Israel. Moses was
a prophet, or a person who speaks for God.
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Ten plagues were visited upon the people of Egypt
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the Hebrews put lambsblood around their door so
the Angel of Death would pass over them.
The Hebrews put lambsblood around their door so
the Angel of death would pass over them.
To protect themselves from the last plague,
losing the firstborn
To protect themselves from the last plague,
losing the firstborn
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Moses led the captive slaves to safety.
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The laws God gave Moses on Mt. Sinai are known as
the Ten Commandments. When Moses came down from
the mountain he saw the people worshipping a
golden calf, and broke them in anger.
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The Israelites had broken their covenant with God
by worshipping the Golden Calf.
They were condemned to wander for 40 years in the
wilderness. Moses did not live to see Canaan.
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The Hebrews entered ancient Israel after the
death of Moses. Historians say this may have
happened in the 1200s B.C. The Israelites had to
gain control of the land.
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The Hebrews crossed the Jordan River, defeated
several kings and set up a nation called Israel.
Around 1000 B.C., Jerusalem became Israels
capital.
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Joshua led an attack on the city of Jericho, and
is said to have threatened anyone who tried to
rebuild the city. Joshua is said to have
conquered many ancient cities.
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Around 1050 B.C., a threatening new group landed
on the shores of Israel and began to attack
independent city states. These were the
Philistines, known to the Egyptians as the Sea
Peoples.
The Israelites banded together to defend
themselves.
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David was crowned king. He was chosen in the
southern region of Judah. The name Jews comes
from this word. David was a gifted military
leader who united the Israelites to conquer the
Philistines
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David and Goliath
King David slew the Philistine Goliath.
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David conquered the city of Jerusalem and made
this perfectly situated city his new capital. A
secret tunnel connected an underground spring
outside the city to Jerusalem.
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King David ruled Israel for 40 years. His son
Solomon was crowned King. Solomon would make
Israel a nation of wealth and splendor.
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Solomon became known as a very wise ruler, and
became famous for writing poetry and proverbs. A
proverb is a brief, wise saying about human
nature.
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King Solomon was known for wealth through trade,
wisdom, and writing poetry and proverbs. People
revolted against high taxes.
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To pay for wars and building projects like his
temple, Solomon taxed the people heavily. In
addition, Solomon drafted men from the north,
(Israel, not southern Judah, ) as well as
non-Israelite areas to work on the temple.
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The Babylonians destroyed Solomons temple. The
Western Wall is all that remains today.
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Judah fell to Babylonia. Jews were exiled to
Babylon. The scattering of Jews to many parts of
the world is called the Diaspora.
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For 200 years, the Israelites remained a
collection of tribes with no central government.
As a judge, Deborah led Hebrew tribes to fight
the non-Israelite peoples of ancient Israel. A
judge, was an ancient Hebrew leader.
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With access to the Mediterranean Sea and several
land routes, Ancient Israel became a natural
crossroads, with traders passing through,
carrying goods from Asia, Africa, and Europe.
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Perhaps Israels most important product traded in
the Mediterranean region, was a purple dye.
People along the coast made the dye from the
murex, a sea shell. The dye was fashioned
into purple cloth, which was prized throughout
the ancient world.
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Early settlers traded by land and sea. The region
is known as Canaan, which may mean trader in an
ancient language of the region.
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Ancient Israel was a land of many city-states.
City merchants became rich from trade
In rural areas, people herded and hunted animals
for food.