Winning the Peace

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Winning the Peace

• Chapter 7. Pgs. 169-178

The painting is unfinished because the British
delegation refused to pose.
2
Introduction

• Winning the War only the first step.
• Task of establishing a government would be the
  next step.

3
The Treaty of Paris (1783)

• Congress sent negotiators to peace talks in
  Paris.
• Henry Laurens
• Benjamin Franklin
• John Adams
• John Jay
• Laurens captured by British and held in prison.

4
The Treaty of Paris (1783)

• Benjamin Franklin.
• Elderly.
• Sophisticated and witty.
• Admirer of French
• Women.
• Wine.

5
The Treaty of Paris (1783)

• John Adams.
• Competitive.
• Socially inept.
• Distain for French flamboyance.

6
The Treaty of Paris (1783)

• John Jay
• Prudish.
• Aristocratic.
• Strongly patriotic.
• Made Adams and Franklin nervous.

7
The Treaty of Paris (1783)

• Group proved to be very effective.
• Franklins love of strategy.
• Adams stubbornness.
• Jays calm demeanor.
• European political leaders
• Thought the Americans would do poorly.
• American team not naïve amateurs.
• Understood the stakes.
• Understood the motives of each party.
• French, Spanish, and English each had their own
  agendas.

8
The Treaty of Paris (1783)

• Americans put their agenda on the table quickly
• Britain must formally recognize the independence
  of the United States.
• Condition for further negotiations.
• The British agreed (reluctantly).

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The Treaty of Paris (1783)

• The Treaty of Paris
• Negotiations continued for about a year.
• Each side debated, argued, and compromised.
• Final agreement reached.
• September 3, 1783.

10
The Treaty of Paris (1783)

• Americans had two clear victories
• The boundaries of the new nations were extensive.
• Problems
• Native Americans.
• Not represented.
• British troops in forts.
• No timeline for withdraw.

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The Treaty of Paris (1783)

1. The treaty granted the United States unlimited
   access to fisheries off Newfoundland.

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The Treaty of Paris (1783)

• The Treaty of Paris had weaknesses.
• All sides understood this.
• Weaknesses the price of
• Avoiding stalemate.
• Dangerous confrontation.

13
The Fate of Loyalists

• Loyalists faced
• Isolation.
• Disapproval.
• Tarring and feathering.
• Imprisonment.
• Beatings.
• Property taken.
• Property destroyed.

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The Fate of Loyalists

• After 1775
• Loyalists flocked to British occupied cities.
• Loyalists followed the British.
• 1776 British abandoned Boston
• 1,000 loyalists followed.
• 1781 British leave New York
• 1,500 loyalists followed.
• Hundreds of thousands of loyalists left their
  American homes.
• For England, Canada, West indies.

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The Fate of Loyalists

• Many loyalists were African-Americans.
• Fled to the British side seeking freedom.

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The Fate of Loyalists

• Many loyalists who fled
• Forbidden to return to America by new state
  governments.
• Refused to return.
• Equated republican rule with mob rule.
• Some loyalists returned
• Adjust to the new reality.

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The Fate of Loyalists

• Loyalists and Patriots
• Political loyalty based on
• Principled beliefs.
• Self-interested expectations.
• Loyalists
• Chosen the losing side.
• Forced to live with consequences.

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End of Lesson