Design Manual Workshop

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The New Stormwater Quality Design Manual
Sacramento and South Placer Regions Public
Information Workshops March 2007
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Topics Well Cover Today

• Background and need for requirements
• Overview of stormwater quality control measures
  included in the Design Manual
• Stakeholder outreach
• Schedule
• Review of development standard requirements
  whats new, whats changing?
• Challenges

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Background and Need for RequirementsWhy Are We
Doing This?
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Why Are We Doing This?

• Required By State and Federal Regulations
• Stormwater Permits issued to the local
  municipalities implement Clean Water Act and
  California Water Code
• Permits require development standards to reduce
  pollutants in urban runoff to the maximum extent
  practicable
• Protect Local Waterways and Associated Uses
  (e.g., fish, drinking water, recreation)
• Development can negatively impact urban streams,
  due to increased imperviousness and pollutant
  loadings from automobile use and other activities

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Negative Impacts of Development on Urban Streams

• Reduced or no recharge for groundwater
• Increased runoff volumes, peak flow rates and
  durations which can lead to downstream erosion
• Increases in water temperature in creeks
• Delivery of pollutants to creeks
• Sediment and construction-related pollutants
• Pesticides and fertilizers (phosphorus)
• heavy metals, oil grease, and hydrocarbons
• detergents and more

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National studies have shown correlations between
increased imperviousness in a watershed and
stream/habitat degradation More pavement roofs
impaired waterways
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Background Permit RequirementsSacramento
Areawide Phase I NPDES Municipal Stormwater
Permit

• Current permit effective January 2003 December
  2007
• Sacramento Stormwater Quality Partnership
  includes 7 permittees County of Sacramento and
  Cities of Sacramento, Citrus Heights, Elk Grove,
  Folsom, Galt and Rancho Cordova
• Program began in 1990 requirements for
  development initiated in mid 1990s
• Permit required a Development Standards Plan (Dec
  2003) to propose amendments to the local programs
  
• Permittees required to amend standards by May 18,
  2006

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Background Permit RequirementsCity of
Roseville Phase II NPDES Municipal Stormwater
General Permit

• General permit issued to Roseville in 2003
• Development standard requirements are described
  in Attachment 4 to the general permit
• Roseville opted to proactively collaborate with
  Sacramento program to provide regional
  consistency for development community and share
  resources
• Stormwater quality development standards will be
  new for Roseville

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The Sacramento/Roseville Collaborative
ProcessNew Stormwater Quality Design
ManualControl measures included in the
ManualStakeholder outreachSchedule
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New Stormwater Quality Design Manual
Project Goals

• Create standardized, easy-to-use format to
  promote consistency and streamline the permitting
  process
• Consolidate all stormwater quality design
  criteria in one manual
• Tailor information to Sacramento Region
• Integrate low impact development (LID also
  known as runoff reduction) measures

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New Stormwater Quality Design Manual

• Primary audience engineers, planners,
  architects, landscape architects, environmental
  consultants, public agency plan reviewers
• Additional audience developers, property
  owners, elected and appointed government
  officials, regulators, interested general public
• Goal is to get people to use the manual at the
  earliest possible stage in site layout and
  planning this requires early involvement of
  engineers and collaboration between planners,
  architects and engineers

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Post-Construction Stormwater Quality Control
Measures

• Control measures installed during construction to
  reduce pollution in runoff from completed
  (post-construction) projects, for the life of the
  project
• Three types addressed in new design manual
• Source control prevent pollutants from
  contacting site runoff at the source
• Runoff reduction reduce volume of runoff
  discharged from the site (also known as LID)
• Treatment control remove or reduce pollutants
  that have been entrained in runoff

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Examples of Control Measures Featured in Design
Manual

• Source Control
• No Dumping stamps on new storm drain inlets
• Design details for waste management, loading and
  other areas that can generate pollution
• Runoff Reduction
• Pervious pavement
• Disconnected pavement and roof drains
• Treatment Control
• Vegetated swales and filter strips
• Detention basins/ponds

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Source ControlNo Dumping Messages forStorm
Drain Inlets
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Runoff Reduction ControlsPervious Pavement
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Runoff Reduction ControlsDisconnect Impervious
Surfaces
Alternative Driveways
Divided Sidewalks
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Runoff Reduction ControlsDisconnected Roof Drains
Commercial
Residential
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Runoff Reduction ControlsInterceptor Trees
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Treatment Controls
Bioretention Stormwater Planters
Portland State University City of Portland
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Treatment ControlsVegetated Swales
Old Way
New Way
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Treatment ControlsVegetated Swales
Gateway Oaks Sacramento
Expo Parkway Sacramento
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Treatment ControlsSand Filters
City of Sacramento Dept. of Utilities Parking Lot
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Treatment ControlsWater Quality Detention Basins
North Natomas
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Treatment ControlsProprietary Filters and
Separators
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What Do Local Agencies Allow?Sacramento
Stormwater Quality Partnership
Two types currently acceptable StormVault and
StormFilter (7.5 gpm ZPG media) by CONTECH
For current approved list, see
www.sacramentostormwater.org
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What Do Local Agencies Allow?City of Roseville

• The City of Roseville is currently reviewing
  performance information on many of the stormwater
  treatment devices that are available on the
  market today
• Prior to adoption of the new Stormwater Quality
  Design Manual, the City will post on their
  website a new list of approved proprietary
  stormwater treatment devices

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Water Quality Treatment Controlswe can learn
from others successes
Dublin Ranch water quality swales and detention
basin
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Runoff Reduction Measures we can learn from
others successes
Pervious pavement, Emeryville
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Combination Approaches we can learn from others
successes
Divided sidewalks and vegetated swales Greenbriar
Development, Livermore
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How Are Redevelopment Projects Addressed?

• Significant Redevelopment includes, but is not
  limited to
• Expansion of a building footprint
• Replacement of a structure
• Replacement of impervious surface that is not
  part of routine maintenance activity and
• Land-disturbing activities related to structural
  or impervious surfaces.

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Significant Redevelopment (contd)

• The standards described in the Design Manual
  shall apply only to the redeveloped area.
• Exception In cases where all drainage from the
  existing developed portion flows through the
  redeveloped portion, the treatment control
  measure must be designed for the entire
  contributing shed.
• Check with local permitting agency for details.

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What Is the Incentive for Using Runoff Reduction
(Low Impact Development) Features?

• Reduced volume of runoff
• Less water to treat in stormwater quality
  treatment facilities
• Possibly less land required for certain types of
  facilities (e.g., detention basins)
• Possibly decreased size for other types of
  devices (e.g., underground vault)
• Possible cost savings to developer

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Stakeholder Outreach for the Design Manual

• Stakeholder mailing list
• Notifications when public draft is available
• Web site Background information, access to
  documents, project update fact sheets
• Outreach to professional associations
• Development focus group meetings and early
  review opportunity
• Public review draft available for 6 weeks

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Design Manual Schedule

• Agency review draft July 2006
• Development focus group draft December 2006
• Public review draft February 16, 2007
• Available at web site
• Written comments due March 30, 2007
• Final manual May 18, 2007 (regulatory deadline)

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Design Manual Workshops

• March 8, 2007
• 900 am to 1200 pm
• Woodcreek Oaks Golf Club
• March 20, 2007
• 130 pm to 430 pm
• City of Elk Grove Council Chambers

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Development Standard RequirementsforSacramento
County agenciesCity of RosevilleHow have (or
will)standards change?What projects are
affected?
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Summary of Changes Being Madeby Local Agencies

• Adoption of new/revised planning policies to
  better address water quality impacts of urban
  development
• Implementation of new standards, effective
• May 18, 2006 (Sacramento County/cities)
• Summer 2007 (City of Roseville)-see next slide
• Publication of new Stormwater Quality Design
  Manual by May 18, 2007
• Standards address post-construction stormwater
  quality control measures. Construction-phase
  requirements are not changing at this time.

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Effective Date for New Standardsin City of
Roseville

• After City adopts Design Manual (anticipated
  Summer 2007), all projects without an entitlement
  will be required to adhere to new development
  standards
• Projects that received entitlement prior to
  Manual adoption will be encouraged to incorporate
  stormwater quality control measures as much as
  feasible

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Examples of Policies Being Added to General
Plans/Other Documents

• Preserve, create or restore riparian corridors,
  buffers and wetlands
• Limit disturbance of natural water bodies
• Minimize impervious and directly-connected
  impervious areas (use infiltration where
  feasible)
• Implement source and/or treatment controls to
  protect downstream water quality
• Reduce downstream erosion

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Projects Affected by Development
StandardsResidential (Sacramento)

• Old Standard
• SFR control only
• SFR 100 acres (25 acres for Sac City)
  treatment control also reqd
• MFR
• MFR 1 acre treatment control also reqd

• New Standard
• SFR encouraged
• SFR 20 acres treatment control also reqd
• MFR No Change

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Projects Affected by Development
StandardsResidential (Roseville)

• Old Standard
• None

• New Standard
• SFR
• SFR 10 units runoff reduction and/or treatment
  also reqd
• MFR
• MFR 1 acre treatment control also reqd

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Projects Affected by New StandardsCommercial-Indu
strial (Sacramento)

• Old Standard
• 1 ac impervious area treatment control also
  reqd

• New Standard
• Old thresholds remain, and runoff reduction also
  encouraged now
• Road projects control only
• Road projects adding 5 acres impervious
  treatment control also reqd

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Projects Affected by New StandardsCommercial-Indu
strial (Roseville)

• Old Standard
• None

• New Standard
• 100,000 sf source control only
• 1 acre impervious area treatment control also
  reqd

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Projects Affected by New StandardsAdditional
Notes Re Commercial-Industrial

• Category includes public facilities, parks,
  schools and churches
• Rooftop area included in impervious area
  calculation
• Sites discharging to an existing regional
  treatment facility (e.g., detention basin) may
  not have to do additional on-site treatment

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How Do Requirements Apply to Mixed Use
Developments?

• Total entitlement project size dictates the
  conditions and requirements that apply
• Projects cannot be split into phases to avoid the
  requirements
• Decision will be made case-by-case, but in
  general
• If total project area type in the development is treated per Table 3-2
  matrix (some portions may get treatment, others
  not)
• If total project area 20 acres treat runoff
  from entire project site

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Challenges

• General challenges
• Implementation Challenges
• Smart Growth projects
• Strategies for roadway projects
• Proprietary treatment devices

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General Challenges

• EARLY collaboration by the ENTIRE design team
  (e.g., planners, architects, engineers) is not
  taking place for the most part
• Some of the features in the Manual may create
  conflicts with some existing agency codes and
  policies
• There is resistance by engineers to some of the
  practices (e.g., pervious pavement)

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General Challenges

• Infiltration techniques will be difficult on many
  sites due to C and D clay soils
• Some of the features may invite vector/mosquito
  problems if not properly designed, constructed
  and maintained

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Implementation Challenges
some features will not be plan or field checked
by agency drainage engineers (e.g., disconnected
roof drains) building department staff need to be
brought on board
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Challenges

• Conflict between achieving Smart Growth
  objectives, and allowing space on these dense
  project sites for utilities, runoff reduction
  (LID) measures, stormwater quality treatment
  features and open space
• However, the stormwater permits mandate that
  post-construction runoff is treated
• Currently, there is no exemption or waiver
  option such a program will take time to develop

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WaiversWhat do the stormwater permits require?

• Permittees may propose a waiver program that
  would require any developers receiving waivers to
  transfer the savings in cost, to a stormwater
  mitigation fund
• Funds may be used for projects within the
  watershed of the waived project
• Waivers may be granted when all appropriate
  treatment measures have been considered and
  rejected as infeasible
• The regulators must approve the waiver program
  prior to implementation

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Challenge Finding Treatment Alternatives for
Roadway Projects

• Permit requires treatment of runoff from roadway
  projects of 5 acres or more in size
• Difficult to isolate drainage for a portion of a
  roadway
• Limited menu of treatment options for these types
  of projects
• Vegetated swales and filter strips
• Proprietary underground devices
• Agencies need help coming up with practical
  solutions

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Challenge Proprietary Devices

• State of the practice is evolving rapidly many
  vendors in the market
• Most devices ineffective at removing fine
  sediments and other pollutants of concern for
  this area
• Lack of quality field data to demonstrate
  pollutant removal effectiveness
• Currently, only two types are accepted for use in
  Sacramento County

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Resources

• Sacramento agencies web site
• www.sacramentostormwater.org (new development)
• Project fact sheets
• Links to Design Manual and other resources
• Links to Bay Area case studies
• Training opportunities
• Other Sites
• Low Impact Development (LID) Center
  http//www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/
• Cal Water and Land Use Partnership (formerly Cal
  NEMO) http//ca-walup.usc.edu/

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Another Resource Recent EPA Publications
Using Smart Growth Techniques as Stormwater BMPs
Summer 2006
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Design Manual Steering CommitteeContacts
Sacramento County Dalia Fadl, 874-1321 City
of Sacramento Sherill Huun, 808-1455 City of
Elk Grove Leslie Nguyen-Pickett,
478-2213 City of Folsom Sarah Amaya,
351-3545 City of Galt Trung Trinh,
209-366-7268 City of Roseville Kelye
McKinney, 774-5552 Also representing Citrus
Heights and Rancho Cordova
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Questions?