Status of Women in South Carolina

1
Status of Women in South Carolina

• Sandra J. Teel, Associate DirectorDivision of
  ResearchMoore School of BusinessUniversity of
  South Carolina
• http//research.moore.sc.edu

2
Background

• Columbia College, Alliance for Women, and New
  Morning Foundation
• Review report from the Institute for Womens
  Policy Research (IWPR www.iwpr.org)
• Assure reliable data and issues affecting women
  available to policymakers and others
• Since 1996presently 2004 (supplemented by 2000
  and 2002)

3
Ranking for Five Key Indicators
4
Political Participation

• Rank 42, Grade D-
• Composition
• Voter registration and voter turnout
  idealhighest rate in U.S.
• Elected office ideal50
• Institutional Resources idealhaving a
  commission for women and bipartisan womens
  legislative caucus

5
Womens Voter Registration, 1998 and 2000
U.S. percent 64.6 S.C. relative to U.S. 1.10
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Rank 15 Percent 71.2
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
6
Womens Voter Turnout, 1998 and 2000
U.S. percent 49.3 S.C. relative to U.S. 1.13
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Rank 13 Percent 55.6
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
7
Women in Elected Office

• National and state offices held
• Composition
• State representatives (1.00)
• State senators (1.25)
• Statewide elected executive officials (1.50)
• U.S. representatives (1.50)
• U.S. senators (1.75)
• State governors (1.75)

8
Women in Elected Office, 2004
U.S. Composite Index 2.10 S.C. relative to U.S.
0.30
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Rank 50 Score 0.64
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
9
Updated Women in State Legislature, 2006
10
Womens Institutional Resources, 2004
U.S. score 1.25 (median) S.C. relative to U.S.
1.6
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Rank 1 Score 2
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
11
Ranking for Five Key Indicators
12
Social and Economic Autonomy

• Rank 41, Grade D
• Composition
• Health insurance idealhighest in U.S.
• College education poverty rates idealnational
  level for men
• Business ownership ideal50
• Standardizedweighted 1.0 except poverty weighted
  4.0

13
Percentage of Women with Health Insurance, 2002
U.S. percent 82.3 S.C. relative to U.S. 1.03
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Rank 26 Percent 84.8
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
14
Comments About Health Insurance Coverage

• Not elderly
• Greater access to employer-based health insurance
• Greater likelihood as dependents
• Greater percentage from public sources
• e.g., Medicaid

15
Percentage of College-Educated Women, 2000
U.S. percent 22.8 S.C. relative to U.S. 0.88
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Rank 39 Percent 19.4
Rates differ by ethnicity Asian-American S.C.
women highest rate
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
16
Womens Business Ownership, 1997
U.S. percent 26.0 S.C. relative to U.S. 0.95
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Rank 30 Percent 24.7
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
17
Distribution of Women-Owned Firms Across
Industries in South Carolina and the United
States, 1997
Source The Status of Women in South Carolina,
2002, retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
18
Percentage of Women Above Poverty, 2002
U.S. percent 87.9 S.C. relative to U.S. 0.97
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Women over 65 are almost twice as likely as men
to be poor (Mother Jones, p. 23, Jan-Feb 2006).
Rank 39 Percent 85.7
Rates differ by ethnicity White women fare best
at 90.
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
19
Ranking for Five Key Indicators
20
Reproductive Rights

• Rank 38, Grade D-
• Composition
• Abortionaccess, conditions, providers, services
• Sex education in public schools
• Contraceptives
• Infertility treatments
• Adoptions

21
Percentage of Mothers Beginning Prenatal Care in
the First Trimester of Pregnancy by Ethnicity,
S.C. v. U.S., 2002
Rank of 44
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
22
Infant Mortality Rate (Deaths of Infants under
Age One per 100,000 Live Births) by Ethnicity,
2002
Rank of 46
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
23
Percentage of Low-Birth-Weight Babies (oz.) by Ethnicity, 2002
Rank of 47
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
24
Ranking for Five Key Indicators
25
Health and Well-Being

• Rank 44, Grade D
• Composition
• Mortality from
• Heart disease
• Lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Suicide
• Idealbest in United States

• Incidence of
• Diabetes
• Chlamydia
• AIDS
• Poor mental health
• Days of activity limitations

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Comments About Health Well-Being

• 45th healthiest state in 2005 46th 2004
• SC ranked 10th worst in obesity in 1998
• Substantially raises the risk for
• Coronary heart disease
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Osteoarthritis
• And others
• Highest grade for mammograms pap smear
  screening (not part of report)

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Womens Heart Disease Mortality Rates, by State,
Adjusted to 2000
Rank of 29 Rate 209.3 per 100,000 population
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
28
Womens Lung Cancer Mortality Rates, by State,
Adjusted to 2000
Rank of 19 Rate 39.5 deaths per 100,000 population
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
29
Womens Breast Cancer Mortality Rates, by State,
Adjusted to 2000
Rank of 39 Rate 27.5 deaths per 100,000 population
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
30
Womens Suicide Mortality, by State, Adjusted to
2000
Rank of 36 Rate 4.5 per 100,000 population
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
31
Womens Incidence of Diabetes, by State, 2001
2-4 times more likely to develop heart
disease,stroke, kidney disease, blindness, and
others
Rank of 46 Rate 7.7 percent
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
32
Womens Incidence of Chlamydia, by State, 2002
Rank of 44 Incidence rate 604.3 per 100,000
population
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
33
Womens Incidence of AIDS, by State, 2001
Rank of 43 Incidence rate 13.1 per 100,000
population
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
34
Womens Poor Mental Health, by State, 2000
Rank of 32 Rate 4.0 of last 30 days
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
35
Womens Limited Activities, by State, 2000
Rank of 45 Rate 4.4 of last 30 days
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
36
Ranking for Five Key Indicators
37
Employment and Earnings

• Rank 42, Grade D
• Composition
• Professional specialty occupations idealhighest
  in United States
• Median annual earnings (women) idealmens
• Ratio of womens earnings to mens ideal100
• Labor force participation (women) idealmens

38
Women in Professional and Managerial Occupations,
2001
U.S. percent 33.2 S.C. relative to U.S. 0.95
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Rank 31 Percent 30.7
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
39
Womens Median Annual Earnings, 2003 dollars
U.S. 30,100 S.C. relative to U.S. 0.88
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Rank 37 26,600
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
40
Earnings Ratio Between Full-Time Year-Round
Employed Women and Men
U.S. percent 76.2 S.C. relative to U.S. 0.96
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Rank 38 Percent 73.1
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
41
Womens Mens Median Annual Earnings, by
Ethnicity, S.C.,1999
From the 2000 Census in 2003 dollars.
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
42
Comments About the Wage Gender Gap

• Earnings determined, in part, by human capital
• Development of job-related skills
• Education, job training, workforce experience
• Work differences between men women
• Industries, occupations, unionization
• Accounts for three-fifths of gap
• 6.4 percentage points closed 79 and 99
• Half of gap closed because mens wages declined
• Discrimination still continues

Since orchestras started requiring musicians to
audition behind screens, the number of women
hired has increased 20 percent (Mother Jones, p.
23, Jan-Feb 2006).
43
Womens Labor Force Participation, 2002
U.S. percent 59.6 S.C. relative to U.S. 0.95
Top 3rd
Middle 3rd
Bottom 3rd
Rank 43 Percent 56.9
Rate differs by ethnicity Greater participation
among Asian Americans
Source Institute for Womens Policy Research,
retrieved 4/7/05 from http//www.iwpr.org
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More on the Gender Wage Gap in South Carolina
45
More on the Gender Participation Gap in South
Carolina
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Summarizing
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Economic Impacts of Incremental Gender Gap
Progress
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Status of Women in South Carolina

• Thank you.