HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY - LIFESTYLE PATTERNS AND DISORDERS

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LIFE STYLE AND RISK FACTOR

• Anu joy singh
• I .M.Sc. Clinical psychology

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Life style

• Lifestyle is a term to describe the way a person
  lives, which was originally coined by Austrian
  psychologist Alfred Adler in 1929.
• A lifestyle is a characteristic bundle of
  behaviors that makes sense to both others and
  oneself in a given time and place, including
  social relations, consumption, entertainment, and
  dress.
• the habits, attitudes, tastes, moral standards,
  economic level, etc., that together constitute
  the mode of living of an individual or group.

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Life style -risk factor

• A characteristic, condition, or behavior that
  increases the possibility of disease or injury.
• High blood pressure, high serum cholesterol,
  and smoking are risk factors for heart disease.
• a factor that causes a person or a group of
  people to be particularly susceptible to an
  unwanted, unpleasant, or unhealthful event, such
  as immunosuppression, which increases the
  incidence and severity of infection,
• Eg cigarette smoking, which increases the risk
  of developing a respiratory or cardiovascular
  disease.

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Lifestyle diseases

• While allopathic medicine is the most effective
  system for acute medical and surgical
  emergencies, it has only a limited ability to
  change the course of many serious degenerative
  diseases.
• A collection of lifestyle effects and
  environmental factors accumulate over the years
  and develop into lifestyle diseases, or diseases
  of civilization. They are different from other
  diseases because they are lifestyle diseases
  which are potentially preventable.

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DEGENERATIVE DISEASES

• According to NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH
  STATISTICSNCHS.In 1996 the leading fatal
  diseases in the US were cardiovascular
  diseases(41 of death) and cancer (23 of
  deaths).Such diseases are now prevalent partly
  bcauz people live long enough to develop them.
• These present day killers ,as well as some others
  such as type II diabetes and cirrhosis of the
  liver ,are unlike communicable diseases. They are
  believed to be caused not by a pathogen such as
  bacterium or a virus but instead to be
  multifactorial in nature that is they stem from
  many factors such as hereditary and behaviour and
  are referred to as the chronic degenerative
  diseases.

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Factors and their causes

• Air and Water Pollution - Air pollution is a
  Modifiable Risk Factor for cancer, especially
  lung cancer. Carcinogens derived from car
  emissions, industrial activity, burning of solid
  wastes and fuels remain in the air from four to
  forty days and travel long distances.
• Our drinking water contains many carcinogens,
  including asbestos, arsenic, metals, and
  synthetic organic compounds. Asbestos and
  nitrates are associated with gastrointestinal
  cancers arsenic is associated with skin cancer
  and synthetic organic chemicals are associated
  with cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and
  urinary bladder.
• .

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Prevention of pollution

• Throughout our lives, we expose ourselves to many
  chemicals in small amounts and in many
  combinations unique to our culture and
  environment. We can prevent most cancers if the
  factors that cause them can be controlled or
  eliminated.
• Pollution is not part of a healthy lifestyle.
• Healthy living means taking action by removing
  yourself from all forms of pollution

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ALCHOLISM AND PROBLEM DRINKING

• The excessive use of alcohol is a hazardous
  practice that can threaten life and health. It
  can cause liver cirrhosis ,fetal alcohol syndrome
  and an increase in the risk for some cancers.
• Motor vehicle accidents.
• Homicides and suicide

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Benefits of drinking alcohol

• Alcohol in moderation (ex., one to two beers or
  one to two glasses of wine per day) has been
  shown to reduce the incidence of heart attacks.
  It increases your HDL, or high density
  lipoprotein that is often called the good-acting
  cholesterol.
• Alcohol in moderation is part of a healthy
  lifestyle.
• Healthy living means drinking alcohol only in
  moderation.

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Excess Sunlight and Radiation

• Human studies show that radiation is a Modifiable
  Risk Factor for developing cancer.
• Radiation is exposure to the sun's ultraviolet
  rays, nuclear radiation, X-rays, and radon..

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• Always use a sun block with at least an SPF of
  30.
• A billed hat is also a good idea to keep your
  head and eyes shaded
• Sunlight and specifically the ultraviolet rays
  are the principal offender causing cataracts. Eye
  protection with sunglasses preferably of the
  polarized variety, will prevent the cumulative
  effects of these damaging rays.
• Have your house checked for radon gas.
• Chronic and excessive tanning is not part of a
  healthy lifestyle.
• Healthy living means wearing SPF 15 sun screen
  lotion and limiting your exposure to the sun

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HIGH CHOLESTROL AND HYPERTENSION

• High Cholesterol - Your blood cholesterol level
  is a Modifiable Risk Factor for CVD. Total
  cholesterol below 180 poses a low risk between
  180 - 200 is a good range more than 200
  increases your CVD risk, while more than 250 will
  clearly give you a higher risk.
• HYPERTENSION OR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE,an unusal
  disorder that lacks signs and symptoms, thus
  explaining the term silent killer.
• High blood pressure means more than 140/90 mm Hg
  (millimeters of mercury, a pressure reading).
  Normal blood pressure should range from 100/70 to
  120/80..

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prevention

• you can control your blood pressure by your diet
  and exercise alone
• you need to be on medication.
• A high fat / sugar diet is not part of a healthy
  lifestyle.
• Healthy living means taking action by avoiding
  junk food

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Immunizations -
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• Immunizations - Adults have an ongoing
  immunization schedule.
• Every ten years a tetanus booster should be
  taken. A flu vaccine shot should be taken yearly
  in the fall for all those over the age of 65. Do
  not forget to take the one-time pneumonia shot. A
  vaccine is, also, available for Hepatitis B, the
  most common cause of liver cancer worldwide.
  Taking all these one-time shots is best while you
  are still in your late sixties.

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obesity
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obesity

• Obesity and excess weight are common problems in
  us today.
• Body weight and mass,appearance,percent body fat
  and level of fitness are all factors that are
  important to think about when trying to determine
  whether someone is overweight or obese.
• Someone who is 20 percent above his or her ideal
  weight is considered obese

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Methods for assessment

• SKINFOLD TECHNIQUE
• BODY MASS INDEX
• Weight In Kilogram Divided By Height In Meters.
  If BMI is greater than 27.7 for men and 27.2 for
  women can be considered obese

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Risk factors

• Heart diseases
• Hyper tension
• Stroke
• Adult onset diabetes
• Some forms of cancer

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prevention

• Obtain and maintain a normal body weight.
• The very bottom line for optimizing personal
  longevity is eating less.
• Always munching on junk food is not part of a
  healthy lifestyle.
• Healthy living means taking action by eating in
  moderation.
• Exercises

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Nutrition and diet

• A healthy diet is good for preventing or managing
  all chronic diseases, and for losing weight,
  boosting energy and promoting overall good
  health.
• There is a strong correlation between diet and
  nutritional deficiencies and many cancers. The
  National Academy of Sciences and others estimate
  that nutritional factors account for 60 percent
  of cancer cases in women and 40 percent in men.
• Eating healthy is part of a healthy lifestyle.
• Healthy living means taking action by eating a
  healthy diet, on a daily basis.

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smoking
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smoking

• Smoking is a Modifiable Risk Factor for more
  disease processes than any other risk factor and
  causes more deaths than any other lifestyle
  cause. It has been estimated that 30 percent of
  all cancers may be related to smoking, either
  directly or indirectly. All tobacco products are
  included in this risk factor, not just
  cigarettes.
• Smoking is not part of a healthy lifestyle.
• Healthy living means taking action by stop
  smoking.

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stress

• Stress and mental turmoil enhance susceptibility
  to most illnesses. By creating a milieu of
  harmony and peace of mind, one can reduce the
  incidence of these maladies.
• Stressful living is not part of a healthy
  lifestyle.
• Healthy living means taking action by starting a
  modest stress reduction program.

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sleep

• Sleep is an extremely important health behaviour
• Healthy sleep has been established in research to
  be at least as important and possibly more
  important than diet and exercise in predicting
  longevity.
• Sleep debt and driving are a dangerous
  combination also causes stomach upset.

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Effects

• Longevity
• Immunity
• Brain activity
• Pleasant mood
• Creativity

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Dietary Excesses

• fat (mainly saturated and heat treated
  polyunsaturated oils)
• protein (has a diuretic effect and increases the
  workload of the digestive system)
• caloric intake (often called "undernutrition")
• added sugar and salt
• alcohol
• Dietary excesses are not part of a healthy
  lifestyle.
• Healthy living means taking action by cutting
  back on all dietary excesses.

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Sedentary lifestyle

• Sedentary lifestyle is a medical term used to
  denote a type of lifestyle with no or irregular
  physical activity. A person who lives a sedentary
  lifestyle may colloquially be known as a couch
  potato. It is commonly found in both the
  developed and developing world. Sedentary
  activities include sitting, reading, watching
  television and computer use for much of the day
  with little or no vigorous physical exercise. A
  sedentary lifestyle can contribute to many
  preventable causes of death.

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• sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity
  can contribute to or be a risk factor for
• Anxiety
• Cardiovascular disease
• Mortality in elderly men by 30 and double the
  risk in elderly women
• Depression
• High blood pressure
• Obesity
• Osteoporosis
• Lipid disorders
• Kidney Stones

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Highlights of Modifiable Risk Factors

• The basic cause of poor health is an unhealthy
  lifestyle.
• Your natural health is under your own control.
• It is up to you to take action!

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Thank you..
Thank you
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