Photography and Mathematics

1
Photography and Mathematics

• Math 155

By Miranda Maynard Charlotte Shoneman
Tiffany Narron Nicole Clement
2
(No Transcript)
3
Photography and Math
Websters Dictionary describes photography
as The art or process of producing images by
the action of radiant energy and especially
light on a sensitive surface
4
The Elements of Photography

• Compose - creative and artistic
• Expose - scientific and mechanical exposing the
  film to light through the variety of settings
  available
• Photographers combine these two skills to create
  beautiful photographs

5
Capturing the moment
6
Exposing the Negative

• ISO rating, Film Speed or Density
• Aperture or F-Stop
• Shutter Speed

7
ISO Rating

• Film Speed
• Determined by density of silver halide crystals,
  which react individually to light
• Higher ISO means less light is required for
  proper exposure

8
Aperture

• The opening through which the film is exposed to
  light
• Adjusted through a ring on the lens
• F-stops f/22, f/16, f/11, f/8, f/5.6, f/4,
  f/2.8, f/2

9
Shutter Speed

• The length of time the film plane is open to
  light
• Adjustable

10
Exposing the Negative

• Each determines the extent to which the film will
  be exposed to light.
• A photograph of a woman in a dimly lit room would
  require
• a small f-stop (wide aperture)
• slow shutter speed
• high ISO
• an appropriate combination of the three

11
How do photographers use these?
A careful balance between all 3 elements of
exposure
12
Logarithms

• In mathematics, a logarithm of a number x in base
  b is a number n such that xbn, where b is
  neither 0 nor a root of 1
• X logb y

The most important in photography are base 2
logarithms (remember how each aperture was TWICE
the light exposure as the one preceeding it?)
13
logarithms

• Each of these photographic elements are measured
  on a logarithmic scale
• Camera settings are logarithmic
• The human eye responds nearly uniformly to
  uniform logarithmic changes in the light
  stimulus - The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography

14
Characteristic Curve
15
Logarithms in Use

• Shutter speed

1/60 Sec.
1/4 Sec.
16
More examples

• Aperture

F2.8
F8.0
17
More examples
ISO
ISO 100
ISO 400
18
Credits
Websters Dictionary for the photography definition
Logarithm Information http//www.photogs.com/bwwo
rld/testexposures.html
Logarithm Graph http//www.covingtoninnovations.c
om/dslr/Curves.html
The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography http//book
s.google.com/books?id CU7-2ZLGFpYCpgPA465lpgP
A465dq logarithmsinphotographysourcewebots
d7 APDJ_xirsigHfluWvaNbRVyXITyJ34z861uXKg PPA46
5,M1
19
Photography Credits
ISO, Shutter speed, Aperture Photos by Charlotte
Shoneman
Aperture diagram from www.scphoto.com/assets/im
ages/aperture.gif
How do photographers use these? -
http//www.dyxum.com/columns/photoworld/ fundamen
tals/Aperture_and_Shutter_Speed/ programshift_01.j
pg