Finding Research Support

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FindingResearch Support

• Donald R. Mattison, NICHD
• mattisod_at_mail.nih.gov

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BMJ, doi10.1136/bmj.38768.420139.80 (published
17 March 2006
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http//www.hhmi.org/grants/office/graduate/lab_boo
k.html
Biomedical research today is a complex enterprise
that spans multiple biological levels, requires a
variety of equipment and staff, and demands
success with limited funds. Each one of you is
really an entrepreneur running your own new small
business. Enriqueta Bond, Burroughs Wellcome
Fund
In theory, everything is negotiable. That said,
every department and institution has
constraints. Chris M. Golde, from Be Honorable
and Strategic, Sciences Next Wave (November
2001)
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http//www.aaas.org/
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Funding Sources

• 109 Billion spent on health research in 2004
• 54 Industry (59.1 Billion)
• 34 Federal (37.9 Billion)
• 6 University (7.1 Billion)
• 2 State and Local Govt (2.5 Billion)
• 2 Others (2.3 Billion) philanthropic,
  voluntary health associations, independent
  research institutes, HHMI
• Data from Research!America
• http//www.researchamerica.org

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Institutional Support FIRST!

• Department (NEGOTIATE!, Negotiate!!,
  Negotiate!!!)
• Help identify a mentor
• Start-up funds (travel, equipment, renovations)
• Support for technician
• Guaranteed salary (expectation for salary
  generation)
• Graduate students (graduate faculty appointment)
• Fellow support
• Protected time

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Institutional Support

• College or school
• Funding for preliminary or pilot experiments
• Assistance in preparation and processing of
  grants
• Access to development, major gifts, advancement
  officer or staff
• Funding for release time
• Incentives for successful applications
• Core facilities
• IRB

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Institutional Support

• Health sciences or university
• Funding for preliminary or pilot experiments
• Grants office - identification of VHOs,
  foundations, industrial and federal opportunities
• Access to development, major gifts, advancement
  officer or staff
• Matching funds, incentives
• Patent and licensing support

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Institutional Support

• School, health sciences or university
• Information networks to enhance extramural grant
  success
• Review and critique of grants
• Seminars on funding opportunities
• Information packages, email notification,
  announcement scanning and forwarding
• Grant writing workshops and assistance
• Workshops to bring funders into the university

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http//www.grantsnet.org
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Funding Sources

• 109 Billion spent on health research in 2004
• 54 Industry (59.1 Billion)
• 34 Federal (37.9 Billion)
• 6 University (7.1 Billion)
• 2 State and Local Govt (2.5 Billion)
• 2 Others (2.3 Billion) philanthropic,
  voluntary health associations, independent
  research institutes, HHMI
• Data from Research!America
• http//www.researchamerica.org

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http//www.phrma.org http//www.phrmafoun
dation.org/
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http//www.astrazeneca-us.com
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http//en.sanofi-aventis.com/index.asp
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http//www.bms.com/sr/philanthropy/data/introx.htm
l
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http//www.physicianscientist.com
http//www.pfizer.com/subsites/philanthropy/progra
ms.html
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Funding Sources

• 109 Billion spent on health research in 2004
• 54 Industry (59.1 Billion)
• 34 Federal (37.9 Billion)
• 6 University (7.1 Billion)
• 2 State and Local Govt (2.5 Billion)
• 2 Others (2.3 Billion) philanthropic,
  voluntary health associations, independent
  research institutes, HHMI
• Data from Research!America
• http//www.researchamerica.org

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NIH Campus
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NIH Organization
Office of the Director
NIAAA
NIAID
NIAMS
NICHD
NIA
NCI
NIDCD
NIDCR
NIDDK
NIDA
NIEHS
NEI
NIMH
NINDS
NHLBI
NINR
NHGRI
NIGMS
NIBIB
FIC
NLM
NCRR
NCMHD
NCCAM
CSR
CC
CIT
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The National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development (NICHD)

• Public Law 87-838 (1962)
• an institute for the conduct and support of
  research and research training related to
  maternal health, child health, and human
  development, includingthe special health
  problems of mothers and children

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NICHD Mission

• To help people have healthy babies when they want
  them
• To avoid harm to women from the reproductive
  process
• To help all children reach adulthood able to
  achieve their full potential
• To optimize rehabilitation and achieve minimal
  disability

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A Typical Institute
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NICHD Organization
Board of Scientific Counselors
Office of the Director
National Advisory Child Health and Human
Development Council
National Advisory Board on Medical Rehabilitation
Research
Office of Science Policy, Analysis Communication
Division of Intramural Research
Division of Scientific Review
Office of Administrative Management
Center for Research for Mothers and Children
National Center for Medical Rehabilitation
Research
Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and
Prevention Research
Center for Population Research
Center for Developmental Biology and Perinatal
Medicine
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NIH Extramural Program
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Stages of Research Training and Career
Development
Midcareer Investigator in Patient-Oriented
Research (K24)
Mentored Patient-Oriented Research (K23)
Academic Career Award (K07)
Post-doctoral Training (T32, F32)
Institutional Research Training (T32, T35)
Mentored Clinical Scientist (K08, K12)
Senior Scientist/ Fellowship (K05/F33)
Research Grant (R01, R03, R21, R24)
Pre-doctoral Training
Post-doctoral Training
Career Development and Research
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NIH Grant Process
Initiates Research Idea and Prepares Application
Conducts Research
Investigator
Submits Application
Manages Funds
GranteeInstitution
NIH
Center for Scientific Review (CSR) Assigns to
Scientific Review Group (SRG) and Institute
Institute Makes Funding Selections Issues Grant
Awards
SRG Evaluates for Scientific Merit
Institute Evaluates for Program Relevance and Need
National Advisory Council/Board Recommends Action
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Referral and Review Process
NIH Center for Scientific Review (CSR)
Referral and/or Review
Review
NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices
CSR
Scientific Merit

• Program Policy Considerations
• Funding Decisions
• Scientific Management

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How are assignments made?

• To Scientific Review Group (SRG) Based on
• Scientific expertise of the membership
• To Institutes and Centers (ICs) Based on
• Overall mission of the IC
• Specific programmatic mandates and interests
  of the IC

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Dual Review Process
First Level of Review

• Scientific Review Group (SRG)
• Provides initial scientific review of grant
  applications
• Does not set program priorities
• Makes budget recommendations but not funding
  decisions

Second Level of Review

• National Advisory Council
• Assesses quality of SRG review
• Makes recommendations to Institute staff on
  funding
• Evaluates program priorities and relevance
• Advises on policy

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Research Grants Review Criteria

• Significance
• Approach
• Innovation

• Investigator
• Environment

• Applications are also reviewed with respect to
  the following
• Plans to include children, minorities, and both
  genders
• Reasonableness of proposed budget and duration
• Adequacy of protection for humans, animals, and
  environment

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Study Section Actions

• Scored
• Applications judged by study section to be
  qualitatively in upper half of research
• Assigned score of 1.0 to approximately 3.0
• Unscored (Streamlined Review Procedures)
• Unanimous recommendation of study section that
  applications not in upper half of research
• Receives no score
• Principal Investigator (PI) gets summary
  statement
• Not Recommended for Further Consideration
• If research risks are sufficiently serious and
  the protection against risks is so inadequate as
  to make the entire application unacceptable for
  ethical reasons
• Deferred
• Not enough information in application for study
  section recommendation

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Priority Scores
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Percentile Procedure

• Based on priority scores for all applications
  reviewed during current and two preceding review
  cycles by the particular SRG
• Based on all applications reviewed by an SRG,
  including scored, unscored, and not recommended
  for further consideration
• Includes only standing study sections in current
  plus two preceding review cycles
• Retains priority score sequence as assigned by
  the SRG

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Program Staff Responsibilities

• Program staff
• Attend reviews and interact with SRG staff
• Present applications that involve human subjects,
  animal subjects, or environmental issues, for
  which reviewers have concerns, to the advisory
  council
• Interact with applicant

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Advisory Council Actions

• Council can
• Concur with initial SRG action
• Modify initial SRG actionthat is, change time
  and amount
• Recommend reaching for applications beyond the
  payline or not funding an application within the
  payline
• Defer for further review or additional information

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What determines which awards are made?

• Scientific merit
• Program considerations
• Available funds

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Review and Award Schedule
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www.grants.gov
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www.ahrq.gov
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http//www.epa.gov/ogd/grants/information.htm
http//www.epa.gov
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www.cdc.gov
http//www.cdc.gov/funding.htm
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http//www.niaid.nih.gov/default.htm
http//www3.niaid.nih.gov/researchfunding/
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http//www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/default.htm
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www.os.dhhs.gov
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Funding Sources

• 109 Billion spent on health research in 2004
• 54 Industry (59.1 Billion)
• 34 Federal (37.9 Billion)
• 6 University (7.1 Billion)
• 2 State and Local Govt (2.5 Billion)
• 2 Others (2.3 Billion) philanthropic,
  voluntary health associations, independent
  research institutes, HHMI
• Data from Research!America
• http//www.researchamerica.org

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Philanthropic Support

• Foundations
• Community trusts
• Conversion of not-for-profit health care units
• Look for niche - want to make a difference
• Often provide support for young investigators
• May have narrow disease focus

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Philanthropic Support

• Finding and linking with philanthropic
  organizations
• Print resources
• Web resources
• CD-Rom resources
• Pay-per-view -- proprietary databases

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http//www.philanthropy.com/
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http//chronicle.com/
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www.grantsnet.org
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http//www.bwfund.org
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Philanthropic Support

• Pathways to philanthropic organizations
• Request for proposals
• Discuss with appropriate philanthropy staff
• Informal funding
• Check with mentor, department chair
• Review with college, university development
  office
• Keep informal and regular contact with relevant
  staff
• Keep college, university development office
  informed

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Voluntary Health Organizations

• Raise funds from public.
• Focus on specific health issue.
• Cancer, lung, birth defects, infertility, etc.
• Operational -- conduct programs of education,
  advocacy, community intervention.
• Granting -- fund research through a variety of
  mechanisms.

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Voluntary Health Organizations

• Finding and linking with VHOs
• Ascertain relevance to your research or clinical
  interests (refer to handouts)
• Print resources
• Web resources
• CD-Rom resources
• Pay-per-view -- proprietary databases

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Voluntary Health Organizations

• Strengths and limitations of VHOs
• Single or narrow disease focus
• May have geographic focus
• May have informal grant process
• Need to clear with university development office?
• May not be interested in basic research
• May have clinical or community focus for
  investment
• Staff may need considerable education

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Examples of Voluntary Health Organizations and
Foundations

• March of Dimes (www.marchofdimes.com)
• Basil OConnor starter scholar research award
• Yr. 2003 research program
• Research prize in developmental biology
• Local chapter grants
• American Heart Association (www.american
  heart.org)
• Scientist development grant
• American Diabetes Association (www.ada.org)
• Robert Wood Johnston foundation (www.rwjf.org)

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http//www.gih.org
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www.americanheart.org
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www.aacr.org
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www.jdrf.org
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http//www.kidney.org
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http//www.aap.org/research.html
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How to Find Potential Funding Sources?

• Know your research focus
• Search for potential funders
• Institutional grant funding aids
• Senior faculty in your institution and elsewhere
• Office of grants/contracts
• Specific funding tools (eg SPIN)
• Check them out on the internet
• Review annual reports
• Contact organization and speak to grants dept
• Speak to past grantees

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http//symptomresearch.nih.gov/
http//www.ampainsoc.org/links/
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http//nextwave.sciencemag.org
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http//www.cos.com/