Group 1: State Opportunities

1
Public Acceptance of Pollution Reduction
?
Polluting (or Participation)
o
Public Acceptance
s
s
s
s
o
Perceived Environmental Impact
Cost to Customer
s
REGULATIONS
s
Group 1 State Opportunities
As pollution increases, the perceived
environmental impact increases. Public
acceptance increases with this perception
directly, and also as a response to regulations.
Growth in acceptance reduces the original
increase in pollution. Public acceptance will
grow until customers incur costs associated with
the regulations. This can slow the growth, or
reduce public acceptance for these initiatives,
causing a leveling off in participation.
2
Overall public sentiment depends on strength of
NIMB and cost concerns
Overall Public Concern About Water/Air Quality
o
o
Local Ground Water/Air Actual Quality
o
s
Regulations Monitoring
s
Public Concern About Cost
o
s
s
Technology Costs
s
Group 1 State Opportunities
As local ground water/air quality is degraded, it
is corrected by both regulations and monitoring
and an increase in public concern which supports
these initiatives. As the costs are spread to
all the public, the overall public concern for
cost decreases the water/air quality concern and
support for regulations and monitoring. Only the
local public maintains a heightened concern for
the air and water quality, and relative cost
insensitivity.
3
Increased Landfilling Reduces Resource Recovery
Creating Self-fulfilling Prophesy
Waste to Resource Recovery
o

• Other factors driving this shift
• Laws
• Cost
• Generation level
• Reduction/Increase
• Recycling
• Capacity

Waste to Landfill
s
o
Ability to sustain RR facilities
Group 2 System Analysis Update
4
Market Size Is a Fundamental Limit to Adam
Smiths Invisible Hand(s)
Market size
o
o
Price
Supply
Demand
s
s
Group 2 System Analysis Update
5
Corrugated container demand follows overall
business cycle
o
o
Price
Supply
Demand
s
s
s
Demand for Old Corrugated Containers

• Other factors
• Regulatory Pressure
• Nat. Resource Value (loss)
• Division Credit

Group 2 System Analysis Update
6
Technology drives participation through
increasing convenience
Participation
s
s
R
Technology improvements
s
Convenience e.g. of sorts
Group 2 System Analysis Update
7
Tipping In State or Out of State
Creating a Self-fulfilling Prophesy
s
Cost of In State Tipping
R
Cost of O.O.S. Tipping
Landfilling Out-of-State
s

• Other factors
• Political will
• Waste Increases
• Processing Capacity

o
Group 2 System Analysis Update
8
Legislative solutions to crises take a long time,
and can create oscillation.
Constituent Interest
s
Crisis / Awareness
Legislative Interest
s
o
Legislative Interest
Now
1970
Time
Group 2 System Analysis Update
9
Increasing Economies Leads to Decreased
Competition
Volume per Hauler
s
o
Economies of scale / scope
s
Competition
of Haulers
o
s
o
Price to Consumer
Group 2 System Analysis Update
10
Health of Natural Resource will spiral downward
if limit is reached.
Pollution

• Factors affecting pollution
• Manufacturing
• Consumption
• Design
• Factors affecting behavior change
• Education
• Cost
• Policy

s
Natural Cleansing Rate
Environmental Impact
R
s
s
o
Health of Environmental Resource
Group 3 Costs/Investments, Education
11
Organized Waste Disposal System in Moorhead with
Govt Control
Volume
R
Service Provider Fee Setting
Recovery
Tip Fees
Total Cost for Service Provider
Collection
Group 3 Cost / Investment
12
Education can help reduce environmental impact if
environmental options are available
Key Players in Education Government Consumers Civi
c Orgs Business Citizens Schools
Public Awareness
s
s
Availability of Environmental Options
Environmental Education
s
s
Environmental Impact
Responsible Actions
o
Group 3 Education
13
When facility capacity increases, businesses work
to find markets to increase volume.
Waste Generation
s
Population
s
s
R
Facility Capacity
Economic Strength
s
s
s
Waste Processing Disposal
o
s
s
s
Facility Utilization
Other Drivers
R
o
In or Out-of-State Marketing
Group 4 Role of Public/Private Sector
14
State level policy can inform federal
understanding and policy.
Quality of Federal Env. Policy
s
Competing Interests
s
o
MN Environmental Policy
Federal Understanding
s
s
s
MN Quality of Understanding
s
Other States Understanding
Group 4 National Challenges
15
Barriers to profits increase out-of-state
disposal, which increases barriers.
s
Garbage Out-of-State
Barrier to Profits
R
s

• Examples of barriers
• Taxes
• Tip Fee
• Regulation
• Others

Group 5 Tools
16
Design changes can reduce packaging costs and
waste for manufacturers.
Consumer Convenience
s
s
Waste Management
Packaging Waste
B
s
o
s
s
Cost of W.M. recycling/disposal
Marketing Value of Packaging
Required Shipping Protection
Group 5 Goals Ideals
17
Education increases until it achieves an implicit
goal or limit, then decreases.
s
B
Recycling Rate
Education
o
Group 5 Goals Ideals
18
Fundamental limit to increasing public interest
may be cost
Regs
s
s
s
Cost to Public
Public Interest in Environment
Perceived Pollution
R
o
s

• Other Limit
• Complexity

Group 1 State Opportunities
19
Legislative Activity Limited By Special Interests
Manage Your Limits
Special Interests
s
s
s
Legislative Activity
Constituent Interest
Lobbying Activity
s
o
s
s
Situation (Crisis Awareness)
Group 2 Systems Analysis Update
20
Response to crisis can be limited or reinforced
by special interests.
Special Interests (Lobbyists)
o
s
s
s
Crisis (perception) Awareness
Constituent Interest
Legislative Activity
s
o
Group 2 System Analysis Update
21
History of SWM Post WWII
I3 EPR Zero Waste Green Euro Stds I1
?
New Facilities 1970-85
Dramatic Waste Increase 1950-1970
Slow Increase in Recycling Industry
Consolidation 1997-2001
Nimby I2 Recycling 1985 Env. Mvt. No New Burners
Dramatic Increase Recycling
1 Decline in Waste 1996-1997
1985-1997
Group 2 System Analysis Update
22
Percentage MSW Disposed Out-of-State Limited By
Siting Concerns
Inability to Site/Expand OOS Landfills
s
o
Per Ton of in-state Processing
Out of state Available Capacity
MSW Out of state
s
o
o
o
Per Ton OOS
s
Cost-effective in-state disposal options
Group 2 System Analysis Update
23
MSW Shifting the Burdens
Manage the Waste (Focus of Resources on Disposal)
Recycling Programs
s
s
o
s
o
o
Focus on Conservation
Increasing MSW
Shift of Focus Away From RRR
Increasing MSW
o
o
s
s
Waste Reduction Reuse
o
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (Zero Waste)
s
Group 2 Systems Analysis Update
24
Use of Recycling Material is limited initially by
flow, then capacity
Total Processing Capacity
Recycled Material Availability
Demand for Recycled Material
s
o
s
Vol. Purchase of Recycled Material
Convenience Low Cost
o
o
s
s
Available Processing Capacity
Group 3 Costs/Investments
25
Facility Owners Investments Pay off Long-term
Competition Regulations
s
s
s

• Sales
• Service
• Products

Capital Expenditures
Waste Volume Profit
R1
o
s
s
R2
s
Processing Capacity
R2
B1
Profit
R1
Group 4 Role of Public/Private Sector
26
Perceived Value of Waste Abatement may be a limit
to abatement technology.
Perceived Value of Abatement
s
Waste Reduction
Maximum Cost
s
s
Available Technology for Abatement
Waste Abatement Goals
R
s
B
s
Abatement Cost
s
o
Group 5 Goals Ideals
27
Past Leadership Attempts Create Barriers to New
Efforts
Waste Management Act Tools
o
s
Legal Challenge
B
R
s
s
Contention
Lack of Policy Direction
R
s
o
s
s
Lack of Funds
B
Fear
s
o

New Tools that solve Funding Issues
o
Group 1 State Opportunities
28
Taxes to cover program shortfall decrease ability
to develop alternative incentives.
Taxes / New Tools
s
B
s
o
Tax Burden Legality Issues
Program Funding Shortfall
R
o
B
s
Funding Alternatives (Eliminate Program Mandates)
o
Group 1 State Opportunities
29
Bypassing costly environmental protective
disposal is Fix That Fails
Refuse Derived Fuel Disposal Utilization (Env.
Protective)
s
s
LF/OOS Disposal Costs
Bypass More Costly () Disposal to Out of state
Landfill
o
s
Removal of HHW From Stream and Toxics
s
Clean Up Costs (Front and back end)
o
Environmental Damage
s
Group 1 Market Development
30
Development of the recycling business using
incentives for supply demand
Cost
Quality
s
Total Recyclable Waste flow
s
Availability
s
s
Demand for Recycled Materials
s
Recycling Volumes
Recycling Goals (Mandates)
s
s
s
s
s
Recycling Participation
Recycling Costs
Recycling Revenues
s
s
o
o
Waste Requiring Disposal
s
Profitability
Group 2 System Analysis Update
31
Manufacturing Leadership and Consumer Education
Necessary to achieve multiple goals.
Recycling Movement
Educate Public on Choices
o
B
o
s
Manufacturers Waste Cost
Refillables
B
s
B
o
o

• Cost to consumer
• Program - indirect
• Product - direct

Group 2 System Analysis Update
32
If SWT excess is returned, it will reinforce SW
generation.

• Solid Waste Tax
• Support Prog
• Incentives to Reduce

Economic Boom
s
B
s
s
o
B
SW Generation (landfill closure program)
Excess SWT returned (despite percd
revenue cap)
o
B
s
o
Support for MSW Reduction
Group 3 Costs/Investments
33
Planning should Include Stakeholders to solve
complex issues.
Assured WasteSupply
o
Court Dec. Carbone
o
B
B
o
o
s
R
Ability to Make Debt Service
s
Waste Flow Out-of-State/ Other Facility
Anticipated Landfill Cost
s
B
o
s
Competitiveness of County Tip Fees (Taxes, etc.)
Group 4 Role of Public/Private Sector
34
Continuously improve understanding of life cycle
costs, recognizing lag in implementation
Identify SW Technologies Life Cycle Costs
s
B
o
o
R
Inappropriate SW Technologies Implementation
Inconsistent Funding/Attn. Per Hierarchy
SW Technologies
o
B
Taxes User Fees
s
s
Fund SW Tech w/ Public/Private Funds to Max.
Env. Protection
s
Group 4 Role of Public/Private Sector
35
Subsidies can have unintended side-effects.
Transfer Tax Subsidized to Recycling
o

• Rebates
• Markets
• Curbsides

SW Flow to Local Facilities
s
B
o
o
(When) Net Cost of Recycling Disposal Cost
Local Debt (Defaults)
R
o
o
B
Available
s
s
Development of Cost Effective Markets/Infrastructu
re
Group 5 Goals Ideals
36
Solid Waste Options to Map

• 1. Landfill (including Gas Recovery and Bio
  Reactor)
• 2. Reduce
• 3. Recycling
• 4. Waste to Energy (including Ash Utilization)
• 5. Composting
• 6. Reuse
• 7. Hazardous Waste Management
• C D
• Home Burning/Dumping

37
Natural Resources (not waste)
38
Consumer Behavior Choices
39
Consumer Education and Understanding
Consumer Understanding
40
Composting Stock and Flows
41
Home Burning Stock and Flows
42
Landfill Stocks and Flows
Not Bio-reactor landfills
43
Recycling Stocks and Flows
44
Waste-to-Energy Stocks and Flows
45
Hazardous Household Waste Stocks and Flows
46
State Opportunities Stocks and Flows