A Celebration of Civil Engineering Projects in Maryland

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A Celebration of Civil Engineering Projects in
Maryland

• ASCEs 150th Anniversary Celebration
• September 13, 2002

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Our Civil Engineering History in Maryland
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Civil Engineering in MD
Great to be a Civil Engineer in Maryland Just
look at what WE have done!
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Civil Engineering in MD

• Railroads
• Dams and Canals
• Bridges and Tunnels
• Buildings and Structures
• Transit
• Highways

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Railroads in Maryland

• First US Railroads
• Baltimore Ohio RR
• Railroad Structures that set the standards

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Carrollton Viaduct

• 11,000 Blocks of Granite Used
• Length312 feet
• Height60 feet
• Width26 feet
• Clearance over water51 ft. 9 in.

• Worlds Oldest RR Bridge Still in Use.
• First Bridge of the BO RR Completed in 1829
• Designated Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in
  1982

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Thomas Viaduct

• Begun in 1832, Viaduct was first train bridge
  built on Curve
• Named after 1st BO RR President, Philip E. Thomas

• Benjamin F. Latrobe, Jr., 19th Century Chief
  Engineer of BO RR, designed stone arch
• Belief would not support weight of loaded train

• 1964 Named National Historic Landmark
• Span612, Height60
• 24,000 cy of Granite
• Opened July 4th, 1835
• Cost 150,000

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Bollman Truss Bridge and Savage Mill

• In 1822, John Savage, a Philadelphia Merchant,
  chartered Savage Manufacturing Company and opened
  a cotton mill on Patuxent River
• Oldest surviving Bollman Style, Iron RR Bridge in
  US
• 80 foot long iron truss bridge

• Designed by Wendell Bollman
• Built in 1869
• Mill Operated until 1947
• Mill and Bridge are on National Register of
  Historic Landmarks

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BO Railroad Museum

• On July 4, 1828, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
  laid cornerstone of BO railroad.
• RR era began in US on May 22, 1830 - first run
  left Mt. Clare Station.

• Located in Mt. Clare shops
• First RR station of BO and in US
• Worlds largest RR Museum
• 36-Acre Site has first mile of RR in US

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Harpers Ferry Rail Trestle

• Harpers Ferry RR Bridges Did Not Fare Well
• In 19th Century, Two Wooden Bridges Collapsed
• Iron Bridge Blown Up 9 Times in Civil War
• Three Bridges Destroyed by Floods
• Existing Bridge is 1894 Steel Bridge

• 3 Pratt Trusses
• 6 Plate Girders
• Length137 ft.
• Today, footbridge along rail for Appalachian
  Trail

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Western Maryland Railroad

• 1852, RR Crept into Western Maryland
• Originally known as Baltimore, Carroll and
  Frederick RR
• Mainly a freight line

• Took over Gettysburg RR (rode on by Lincoln on
  day of historic speech)
• 1927 - became subsidiary of BO RR
• Headquarters in Union Bridge - National Register
  of Historic Places

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Dams Canals in Maryland

• Dams for Baltimores Reservoirs and Hydroelectric
  Power
• Canals for Transporting Goods

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Lake Roland Dam and Gatehouse

• 1861 - Lake Roland, Baltimores First Municipal
  Water Supply
• Water Tunnels controlled by Greek Revival
  gatehouse
• 50 years of operation plagued by watershed
  erosion pollution

• 112k to excavate
• 152k to build
• 225 ft above mean tide
• Width60, Height40
• Renovated in 80s
• Now a Park

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Druid Lake Dam

• Completed 1871
• Height 119 feet
• Reservoir added 429 million gallons to system
• Forerunner of large earthfill dams
• ASCE Designated National Historic Civil
  Engineering Landmark - 1971

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Baltimores Water Supply

• Baltimore City Bureau of Water and Wastewater
  supplies drinking water to 1.6 million people
• Two sources Gunpowder Falls
• North Branch of Patapsco River
• 3 concrete gravity dams Liberty,
• Patapsco Prettyboy and Loch Raven
• 12 tunnel conveys to Montebello Filtration Plant
• 10 tunnel conveys to Ashburton from Liberty Dam
• 480 million gallons treated per day and
  distributed through 3,000 miles of water mains

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Conowingo Dam

• Near the mouth, Susquehanna River Drops off 90
  feet
• 1926, Philadelphia Electric Co. began
  construction
• US 1 Crosses Susquehanna on top of dam
• Susquehanna Electric Co. creates 2 billion
  KW-hr/year

• Length 1 mile
• Height 105 feet
• Capacity 512,000 kilowatts
• 11 generators
• Materials 700,000 cy of concrete

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Chesapeake and Ohio Canal

• George Washington chartered Patowmack to extend
  navigatibility
• Began in Georgetown on July 4, 1828
• Reached Cumberland by 1850

• Disastrous flood in 1924
• Length 184.5 miles
• Rise 600 feet
• 74 liftlocks, over 165 culverts, 11 aqueducts
• Cost was 11 million
• Paw Paw tunnel 3,118

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Chesapeake and Delaware Canal

• Began construction in 1824
• Reduced route between Balto. Phila. by 300
  miles
• Between 1921 1927 converted to sea-level canal
  by eliminating locks

• Length 14 miles
• Width 450 feet
• Depth 35 feet
• Cost 2.25 million

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Bridges Tunnels in Maryland

• Moving Transportation Along East Coast
• Spanning Major Rivers

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Thomas J. Hatem Memorial Bridge

• Opened in 1940, MdTAs Oldest Facility
• Replaced 2 lane, double decked RR bridge
• Original crossing known as Gold Mine
• Bought by State in 1923 converted to double
  deck bridge
• Length 1.5 miles Span 1.4 miles
• Height 89 feet
• Width 46 ft (4 lanes)
• Cost 4.8 million

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Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge

• Franklin D. Roosevelt participated in
  groundbreaking in 1939
• Opened 1940 at cost of 5 million
• Completed US 301 in MD and VA
• Length 1.7 miles 29 spans
• Rehab in 1986, cost 17.5m
• 5.6 million vehicles in FY01
• Height 135 feet

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Bay Bridge(William Preston Lane, Jr. Memorial
Bridge)

• Opened in 1952 second span opened in 1973
• 4.3 mile length third longest bridge in world
  in 52
• Replaced 40 minute ferry trip
• 23.9 million vehicles crossed bridge

• Worlds largest continuous over-water steel
  structure in world

• Cost45 m in 52
• Cost148 m in 73
• Height 186 feet
• Towers 354 feet
• Main span2,922 ft.

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Woodrow Wilson Bridge

• 6 Lane, 90 feet wide, opened in 61
• Length 5,900 Draw span 212
• Height above water 50 feet
• Average daily traffic 200,000 vehicles
• 8-lane beltway bottlenecks at 6 lane bridge

• Proposed bridge and interchanges 2.44 billion
• Height above water, 70 feet
• 8 general lanes, 2 merge diverge lanes 2
  transit/HOV
• Current 260 openings 65

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Francis Scott Key Bridge

• Final link in I-695, opened in 1977
• Second longest continuous truss in US
• Main span length 1,200 feet, height 185 feet
• 11 million vehicles used bridge in FY 01
• Height of 36-story building
• Cost of 141 million

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US Naval Academy Bridge

• Design competition selected design
• Won 1996 FHWA Excellence in Highway Design
  Award
• Replaced 1920s drawbridge
• Length 2,700
• Width 54
• Cost 34 million

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The Baltimore Harbor Tunnel

• Opened in Nov. 1957 longest twin tube trench
  type tunnel in world at the time
• Opening enabled motorists to avoid 50 signals
• Length 1.7 miles two tubes 4 lanes
• Cost 144 million
• Depth 101 feet
• Designated I-895

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Fort McHenry (I-95) Tunnel

• Opened on Nov. 23 1985 final link in I-95
• Worlds largest submerged tube tunnel for
  vehicular traffic
• Largest interstate project until Central Artery
• 8 lanes on vertical and horizontal curves
• Length 8,800 feet, 32 tubes
• Cost 825 million

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Buildings and Structures

• Structures Creating Our History

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Maryland State House (Annapolis)

• Construction begun in 1772
• 1779 Legislature met there first time

• Nov. 1783 to Aug. 1784 Doubled as Capitol of
  the US
• Treaty of Paris signed here, ending Revolutionary
  War
• Dome height 121, diameter 40
• Oldest State House still in continuous
• legislative use

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Baltimore City Hall

• Construction begun in 1867
• First commission of 22 year old architect, George
  E. Frederick
• 2nd empire style, Baroque revival

• Segmented dome capping building designed by
  Baltimore engineer, Wendell Bollman

• Original constructon costs 200,000
• 1977 renovations - 10 million

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The Power Plant (Inner Harbor)

• Opened in 1899 in stages through 1909
• Originally supplied electricity to streetcars
• 1921 Consolidated Gas and Electric Light and
  Power (BGE) purchased plant
• Generated steam heat to Balto. until 1973
• City purchased building in 1979
• 1980s Six Flags urban theme park nightclub
• 4 smoke stacks 13 in diameter,
• 192 above water
• Area 107,000 SF

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Mount Vernon Place Church

• Built on site of Charles Howard Mansion, site
  where Francis Scott Key died
• Finished November 12, 1872
• National Register of Historic Places
• Gothic design, only 1 of 3 in Balto.
• Mount Vernon United Methodist
• Seats 900 with hand carved pews
• Green serpentine, grey stone
• sandstone exterior
• Steeple is 12 inches below
• Washington Monument
• Original cost 400,000

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The Shot Tower

• Built in 1828 on corner of Fallsway Fayette St.
• Phoenix Shot Tower Co. constructed w/o
  scaffolding
• Charles Carroll of Carrollton laid the corner
  stone
• Molten balls of lead dropped from top formed
  balls
• Merchants Shot Tower Co. manufactured until 1894
• 1921-Union Oil purchased it to tear it down
  build gas station but given to city in 1924

• 1.1 million bricks
• Restored in 1976
• Height215, 4.5 walls at street
• Depth underground 17

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Fort McHenry

• Earthen fort constructed in 1778 to defend harbor
  during revolution
• Jean Focin designed reconstruction in 1802
• Named after James McHenry, Secretary of War
• Attacked Sept. 13, 1814 by British fleet
• View of bombardment inspired Star Spangled Banner
• 1925 designated a National Monument
• 1939 - became historic shrine
• Allowed to fly flag 24 hrs.

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Mass Transit in Maryland

• Moving People Efficiently

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Streetcar Museum (Falls Road)

• Through 1940s, 1,000 streetcars criss-crossed
  city on 25 routes and over 300 miles of track
• Houses Brownell Car from 1898
• Buses began replacing streetcars in 1930s
• WWII saw resurgence in streetcars (rationing)
• Last streetcar ran on November 3, 1963
• Located on Falls Road near North Avenue

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Mass Transit in Maryland

• In 1963, streetcars gave way to buses
• Metro plan drawn up in 1965 with version of
  original plan adopted in 1971
• Baltimore Metro opened in 1983 costing 1.4
  billion
• Light rail opened in 1992 1997 costing 460 m
• Metro extended to Hopkins (total system15.5
  miles)
• 14 stations, 49,000 riders daily
• Light rail extended to BWI (total system30
  miles)
• 33 stations 30,000 daily riders

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Highways in Maryland

• Moving People in Motor Vehicles

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National Road (US 40)

• Began in Cumberland
• Federal Highway System began with
• construction of National Road in 1811
• Ownership transferred to states in 1834
• Reached end in 1839 in Vandalia, Illinois
• First tollbooth in MD was the La Vale Tollhouse
  (only tollhouse still standing)

• 16,000 lane miles
• 600 miles long
• 2,000 bridges
• Cost 6,824,919

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Sideling Hill (I-68)

• Part of I-68 construction in 1980s
• Remove hairpin curve in US 40
• Cost 20 million
• Depth 340, length 810
• 5.2 million lbs. of explosives
• Exhibit center on west
• 4.5 million CY (10 million
• tons) of rock excavated
• 16 months to excavate

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Other Notable Highway Projects

• Baltimore Beltway
• Capital Beltway
• I-95 and John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway
• I-270
• I-70

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Civil Engineering in MD
These are just samples of what we have done! Even
more exciting, what will we being doing in the
future!
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Civil Engineerings Future

• John D. Porcari
• Secretary of Transportation Past 4 Years
• Deputy Secretary of Transportation Prior
• Ushered in Smart Growth
• Overseeing 1.8 billion BWI Expansion
• Overseeing MDOTs largest Transportation Program

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Civil Engineerings Future in Maryland