The meaning of unemployment

1
NATURE OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• The meaning of unemployment
• defining the unemployment rate
• claimant unemployment
• do claimant statistics give a true picture of
  unemployment?

2
NATURE OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• The meaning of unemployment
• defining the unemployment rate
• claimant unemployment
• do claimant statistics give a true picture of
  unemployment?
• standardised unemployment (ILO/OECD)

3
NATURE OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• The duration of unemployment
• inflows to and outflows from the stock of
  unemployment

4
Flows into and out of unemployment
From outside the labour force
From jobs

• School/college leavers
• People returning to the
• labour force (e.g. after
• raising children)

• People made redundant
• People sacked
• People temporarily laid off
• People resigning

5
Flows into and out of unemployment
From outside the labour force
From jobs

• People made redundant
• People sacked
• People temporarily laid off
• People resigning

• School/college leavers
• People returning to the
• labour force (e.g. after
• raising children)

INFLOWS (per period of time)
UNEMPLOYMENT
OUTFLOWS (per period of time)
To jobs
To outside the labour force

• People taking new jobs
• People returning to old
• jobs who had been
• temporarily laid off

• People who have become disheartened
• and give up looking for a job
• People who have reached retirement age
• People who temporarily withdraw from
• labour force (e.g. to raise a family)
• People who emigrate
• People who die

6
NATURE OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• The duration of unemployment
• inflows to and outflows from the stock of
  unemployment
• effects on the duration of unemployment

7
NATURE OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• The duration of unemployment
• inflows to and outflows from the stock of
  unemployment
• effects on the duration of unemployment
• the phase of the business cycle

8
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• Men are often
• Higher paid
• Full time or not working at all
• Working in male jobs heavy work, construction
  and machinery

• Women are often
• Low paid
• Part time
• Doing two jobs
• Working in female type services caring, cooking
  and cleaning