LandWarNet Track 5/Session 4 Commercial SATCOM Support

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UNCLASSIFIED
LandWarNet Track 5/Session 4Commercial SATCOM
SupportCurrent/Future
LTC Roy Snodgrass USSTRATCOM/J663 DSN 271-7957,
Coml [phone] 21 August 2007
UNCLASSIFIED
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Foreign Disclosure Statement

• This information is furnished upon the condition
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  downgraded or declassified without written
  approval of the originating United States agency.

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Overview

• SATCOM Operational Management Structure
• Myths Regarding Commercial SATCOM
• DODs Use of Commercial SATCOM
• Ongoing Efforts
• Takeaways

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• Operational SATCOM
• Management Structure

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Assigned Mission Areas

• Strategic Deterrence
• Space Operations
• Global Strike
• Missile Defense
• Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR)
• Global C2
• Information Operations
• Combating WMD

UNCLASSIFIED
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USSTRATCOMSatellite Operational Manager (SOM)
Relationships
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Component Structure
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SATCOM COMMUNITY OF INTEREST
SOM SATCOM Operational Manager SSM Strategic
SATCOM Manager OSM Operational SATCOM
Manager SSE SATCOM System Expert SES System
Engineer for SATCOM GSSC Global SATCOM Support
Center RSSC Regional SATCOM Support Center SC2C
SATCOM Command Control Centers
SOM
Mutual Support
Mutual Support
JFCC-Space
JTF-GNO
SATCOM Ops Mgt Community of Interest (COI)
OSMs
SSMs
SSEs
SES
RSSCs
GSSC
SC2Cs
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• Myths Regarding
• Commercial SATCOM

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Myth 1 DOD Does Not Need Commercial SATCOM

• ABSOLUTELY FALSE!
• Commercial SATCOM provides 80 of the bandwidth
  for OIF/OEF
• Complete reverse of DESERT STORM/SHIELD
• C-SATCOM provides preponderance of light, mobile
  SATCOM capability
• MSS providers such as Iridium and Inmarsat
• MILSATCOM systems are not being fielded at a rate
  to meet needs
• No intent to ensure MILSATCOM meets ALL needs
• Use of C-SATCOM is National Space Policy

DOD SATCOM Use is Increasing
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DOD SATCOM Drivers for Growth

• SATCOM to lower echelonsmore users, diverse
  platforms
• SATCOM for high bandwidth applications
• UAVs, Streaming Video, Imagery, Sensor to Shooter
  Data
• SATCOM-on-the-Move
• Small Disadvantaged terminals in wide range of
  terrain and weather conditions--low terminal
  power
• Internet Protocol give and take
• Load optimization for efficiencynot always done
• IP latency issuesproperly optimizedless impact
  on bandwidth

Comm Requirements Vastly UNDERESTIMATED for Every
Conflict
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Military Demand for SATCOM -- Leasing Commercial
is Essential --
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LEGEND
Legacy MILSATCOM (DSCS, Milstar, UFO)
Projected Warfighter SATCOM Demand
Next generation MILSATCOM (WGS, MUOS, AEHF)
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Warfighter Requirements (Gbps)
TSAT
Commercial Leases (at 70 to 75)
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Unmet Requirements
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Uncertainty in Growth
Aggregate demands for information throughput
consistently exceed capacity of current and
forecast MILSATCOM systems
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2006 National Space Policy Commercial Space
Extracts

• the United States Government will use U.S.
  commercial space capabilities to the maximum
  practical extent, consistent with national
  security.
• Commercial Space Guidelines Use U.S.
  commercial space capabilities and services to the
  maximum practical extent purchase commercial
  capabilities and services when they are available
  in the commercial marketplace and meet United
  States Government requirements and modify
  commercially available capabilities and services
  to meet those United States Government
  requirements when the modification is cost
  effective

Is DOD Meeting Intent of National Policy? By
Design?
http//www.ostp.gov/html/US20National20Space20P
olicy.pdf
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Myth 2 Commercial SATCOM Will Be Available
When We Need It

• FALSE! Without planning, DOD will not have
  assured access to critical commercial SATCOM
  resources
• Industry business model is changing
• No longer build it and they will come
• Many commercial satellites are spoken for
  before they launch
• Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite (i.e. DirecTV,
  EchoStar) accounts for most commercial SATCOM
  business now
• HDTV emergence 38 bandwidth consumption ratio
• Fewer satellites equipped for data market
• Future DOD commitment? Not enough to drive
  launch decisionswords, not money so far

Service Strategy for Assuring Commercial SATCOM
Access?
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Impacts of Industry Business Model Changes

• Investors are requiring assurances for Return on
  Investment
• Cautionary Tales
• Iridium USG Bail Out
• Xtar They Built It, DOD Did Not Come
• Loral/Skynet Small vs. Large Providers

Service Strategy for Assuring Commercial SATCOM
Access?
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Net Annual Transponder Supply Change - Additions
and Reductions by Region
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Global Supply and Demand Gap
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Myth 3 Leasing is More Expensive Than Owning

• Partially True (Perhaps) Very few pure
  analyses to date, lots of unknowns
• Comparisons done with current DOD buying habits
• DOD could be the single largest customer for
  industrybut we buy like 300 small customers
• We buy on the spot market vice long-term,
  discounted leases more expensive
• Much debate over inclusion of infrastructure
  costs
• Fee vs. Free Perception its who pays the bill
• Very little utilization of portable bandwidth
  to date

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Myth 4 Commercial SATCOM is More Vulnerable
Than MILSATCOM

• Partially Truemust keep in context
• The only truly protected SATCOM is MILSTAR EHF
• Low bandwidthbut very survivableoften reserved
  for nuclear C2 or national C2-type applications
• Need to compare fairly
• Wideband MILSATCOM to Commercial FSS
• Wideband MILSATCOM is marginally more protected
• WGS is, in essence, a militarized commercial
  platform
• Narrowband MILSATCOM to Commercial MSS
• MSS has outperformed Narrowband from protection
  standpoint
• However, Narrowband offers other advantages over
  MSS

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Wideband MILSATCOM vs. Commercial FSS Protection

• Wideband MILSATCOM
• Protection Pros
• Military Frequencies
• Technical Capabilities (for next generation sats)
• Notch Filtering
• Beam Control
• Spacecraft Control
• Protection Cons
• Concentrated Centers of Gravity
• Denial/Degradation Still A Significant Threat

• Commercial FSS
• Protection Pros
• Geolocation Becoming Ubiquitous
• Highly Dispersed Target Set
• Possible Adversary Use (Reluctant to Jam?)
• Protection Cons
• Not Anti-Jam
• Many Disparate Users
• Positive Control Issues
• Infrastructure Protection
• Foreign Ownership

With NC-FCB Protection FloorsThe Gap IS Narrowing
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Narrowband MILSATCOM vs. Commercial MSS Protection

• Narrowband MILSATCOM
• Protection Pros
• Military Frequencies
• Technical Capabilities (for next generation sats)
• Notch Filtering
• Protection Cons
• Concentrated Centers of Gravity
• Long Term Interference Issues

• Commercial MSS
• Protection Pros
• Uncommon Frequencies
• Proprietary Terminals/Waveforms
• LEO Constellations
• Protection Cons
• Power Disadvantaged
• Foreign Ownership

NC-FCB Protection Floors Also Apply to MSS
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Myth 5 Deploying Troops are Adequately Trained
to Use Commercial SATCOM

• False!
• Most deployers have very little experience with
  Commercial SATCOM
• Unavoidable differences in some TTP
• In many cases, C-SATCOM is least trained, most
  used resource in actual contingency
• Particularly for Fixed Commercial SATCOM Services
  (FSS)
• Lessons Learned Citations
• OIF/OEF
• JTF Katrina/Rita
• Commercial SATCOM for training?
• Improving? By designor trial by fire?

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• DODs Use of
• Commercial SATCOM

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Where Commercial SATCOM Fits

• DoD has a critical need for commercial
  satellite communications-- this
  need will continue for the foreseeable future
• Industry partners are crucial to an overall
  military/commercial integrated communications
  architecture

• OSD (NII) SATCOM Policy (14 Dec 04)
• Layered requirements/acquisition approach
• TCA v2.0/3.0 - Changing Paradigm
• Out with the old MILSATCOM first. Commercial
  SATCOM is only used as a surge if military SATCOM
  cant meet the need.
• In with the new Commercial SATCOM is a
  critical piece of our military communications
  architecture first-in, sustainment, and surge.

Operational flexibility is key to meeting the
unique and changing needs of military users
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What Commercial SATCOM Brings To the Fight

• High Capacity Communications
• Support for Mobile Users
• Today, the best mix of mobility and capacity
• Surge CapacitySo Far
• Coalition Interoperability
• Requires Modem Standardization
• New Capabilities
• Several technology risk mitigators for MILSATCOM
  via Commercial SATCOM (IRIS, WGS choice of bus,
  etc)
• Path Diversity Dispersal of Critical Nodes
• Operationally Responsive Space Capability
• Considered a part of Level 3 ORS

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• Ongoing Issues
• Initiatives

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USSTRATCOM Commercial SATCOM Initiatives

• USSTRATCOM advocating CC/S/As POM for projected
  Commercial SATCOM equipment and bandwidth
  requirements
• Commercial industry may use budget projections to
  build business cases for launching more
  capability
• USSTRATCOM also advocating improved assessment(s)
  of COCOM OPLAN/CONPLAN commercial SATCOM
  requirements
• Will be used to paint a more accurate picture
  of global Commercial SATCOM requirements so the
  right approach(s) can be pursued for future
  bandwidth acquisition
• Commercial SATCOM as a core requirement, not just
  surge

Articulation of Future Requirements IS A KEY to
Ensuring Availability
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USSTRATCOM Commercial SATCOM Initiatives

• Support DSTS-G Contract Vehicle Modification
• Contract AwardedIncremental Implementation
• Commercial SATCOM Operational Policy Procedure
  (SI 714-X)
• Leveled Set of Guidance Under SI 714-4
• Common Procedures Across Services/COCOMs/Agencies
• Comprehensive Situational Awareness Data Flow
• Predictive Analysis for War Planning
• Mission Data to Support Protective Measures
• Accurate Utilization Data
• Section 818 Report is FY05 Benchmark
• New Approach for FY06
• MSS Usage Toughest to Gauge

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Commercial SATCOM Challenges

• Effective Identification and Aggregation of
  Requirements
• Operational Balance Between MILSATCOM and
  Commercial SATCOM
• IPoS MigrationTransition to Net-Centricity
• Integration with NetOps Constructs
• Development of Affordable, Effective Solutions
  for Highly Mobile Tactical Warfighters
• Development of Payloads Capable of Handling
  Increasingly Large Data Trunks (AISR_at_ 274
  Mbps)
• Fusion of MSS and FSS

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And Still More Challenges

• Full Consideration of Entire Spectrum of
  Commercial Optionsfrom Leasing to Buying
• Pre-positioned Bandwidth
• Bandwidth Portability
• Access Assurance/Rights of Refusal
• Customer Managed Payloads
• Hosted Payloads
• Multiyear Leasing
• Flexible Leasing Terms
• Military-Focused Payloads

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Commercial SATCOM Protection Efforts

• Strategic Instruction (SI) 714-5
• Provides STRATCOM Commercial SATCOM Operational
  Manager (SOM) guidance and direction on the
  techniques and procedures to be executed when
  responding to EMI/RFI affecting DoD owned or
  leased SATCOM.
• Status In GO/FO Coord.
• Mission Assurance Working Group (MAWG)
• Co-chaired by USSTRATCOM and NSSO
• Stood up to continually address SATCOM protection
  issues with the Commercial SATCOM Industry
• Safety of Flight Close Approach Mitigation
• EMI/RFI Reporting and Mitigation
• Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP)
• TTC Encryption
• Commercial SATCOM Contract Protection Floors

TTPs have been documented and exercisedimplementi
ng now!
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Joint SATCOM Management Planning System (JSMPS)

• SIPR http//jsmps.afspace.af.smil.mil/
• Comprehensive source of UHF SATCOM apportionment
  and allocation data
• Best single tool for Commercial SATCOM payload
  situational awareness
• Key Functions
• Situational Awareness (network/space)
• Protection (EA/EMI) Baselining and Support
• War Planning Support/Resource Management
• NOT A SAR/GAR TOOL (that would be JIST-NET)

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Food For Thought

• Is our paradigm upside down?
• Should Commercial SATCOM be our baseline
  capability and MILSATCOM our surge?
• Why the angst over commercial SATCOM use (for
  some)?
• 99 of our terrestrial trunks are leased
• Almost all SATCOM connects to leased transport
• Is our lack of mission consolidation hurting us
  with our shift to IP over SATCOM?
• With the way IP modems workare we spending too
  much on half full pipes?
• Are the disparate paths to assured access
  actually denying us assured access?
• Do fragmented buying practices price us out of
  the ability to meet needs?
• Do Service and COCOM planners understand their
  Commercial options?

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Takeaways

• C/S/As must consider Commercial SATCOM as part of
  the overall communications infrastructure
• Lack of DOD commitment (or simply waffling)
  places required Commercial SATCOM access at risk
• We must train as we fight with respect to
  Commercial SATCOM

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Questions?
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J661 Strategic SATCOM Management Branch
LTC James Heather Branch Chief DSN 272-5531
Dee Hunsicker Deputy Branch Chief DSN 271-1425
Strategic SATCOM Manager Chief Maj Brian
Denman DSN 271-4406
International Partners TTP Chief MAJ Roy
Behne DSN 271-5443
Narrowband SSM LCDR Jason Patterson DSN 271-4918
Frequency Tech TSgt Mike Parks DSN 271-1421
Wideband SSM Capt Henry Drake DSN 272-3883
Protected SSM TSgt Marvin Carter DSN 271-7735
Contract Support 5
Gateway SSM Capt Bryan Eovito DSN 271-7627
Commercial SSM Maj Brian Denman
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Back-up
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Global Counterspace Continuum
Cuba blows the whistle on Iranian jamming -
Asia Times - 22 August 2003
Reversible
Mysterious source jams satellite communications -
New Scientist news service - 26 January 2007
Chinas ASAT Test Will Intensify U.S.-Chinese
Face-off in Space Aviation Week and Space
Technology - Jan 21, 2007
Non-Reversible
China Attempted To Blind U.S. Satellites With
Laser - Defense News - 25 September
2006
GPS could be terrorist target CNN 8 January
2002
Source AFDD 2-2.1
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COMSATCOM Mission Assurance Capabilities

• Protection Floors
• Operations Security Clearances -- U.S. SECRET (or
  higher) clearances for staff having access to
  OPSEC sensitive data
• Satellite Operations Clearances-- Staff with U.S.
  or allied SECRET clearances who can effect
  satellite operations available at all hours
• Information Assurance -- Command uplink
  encryption compliant with DoD Directive 8581.1E
• Electromagnetic Interference/Radio Frequency
  Interference Geolocation
• Access to EMI/RFI geolocation capability (organic
  or contracted service)
• Best efforts made in response to USSTRATCOM
  geolocation requests
• Network Operations Floor
• Situational Awareness -- Real-time monitoring and
  fault reporting
• NetOps Selectable
• Situational Awareness -- Access to real-time
  spectrum monitoring data
• Sources NetCentric Functional Capabilities
  Board, 21 Feb 2006, and DISA PL8221, 30 Mar 2006

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Overview of Current FSS Supply Baseline by
Band/Region
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Focus on USEUCOM Supply Net Additions and
Reductions